Friday, November 29, 2019

The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck Essay Example For Students

The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck Essay In the novels The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the authors present similar ideas, but use different methods to portray them. Similarities in themes can be made between the two texts; these include the pursuit of the American Dream and the use and misuse of wealth. Other themes are also central to each novel, the strength in unity and the influence of female characters. The presentation of these similar themes is different, by the use of characters, setting, society, plot, and style and techniques employed by the author. The pairing of these two texts gave me a clear understanding of how authors can present similar ideas in different ways. Both authors present the pursuit of the American Dream as a major theme; however this is done quite differently. The characters in both The Grapes of Wrath and The Great Gatsby are trying to pursue the American Dream; however the interpretation of the dream is very different. Tom and Daisy Buchanan are focused on the outcome of the dream; to be prosperous, secure and achieve social status. We will write a custom essay on The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They believe that their achievement and success at pursuing the dream is displayed purely by their wealth and materialistic possessions. Due to this belief, they frantically chase pleasure and in their chase never achieve true happiness, and so never achieve the dream. In The Grapes of Wrath the Joads and the Oakies are also trying to achieve the American Dream, by being hardworking, honest and showing integrity. They are focussed on the path of the dream, rather than the material possessions and wealth. They desire the basics of life; food to eat, a house to live in and some security, to protect them. The different interpretations of the American dream allowed me to achieve an understanding of how Fitzgerald and Steinbeck use different methods to present the same theme. Tom and Daisys interpretation of the American Dream is shown by Fitzgerald in Nicks evaluation of Toms house. He describes the house as being even more elaborate than expected the lawn ran for a quarter of a mile the front reflected with gold this emphasises their focus on materialistic worth and possessions. Steinbeck describes the simplicity of the dreams of the Joads in Mas description of the boxcar. Its nice, she said. Its almost nicer than anything we had. The setting of each novel also conveys the theme of the American Dream. The authors convey the same theme using different surroundings, but with similar meanings, reinforcing my understanding of how authors present similar ideas in different ways. The Great Gatsby is set in the Jazz Age of the 1920s in New York, however The Grapes of Wrath is set a decade later during the depression of the 1930s. Each author emphasises the importance of the setting in relation to the American Dream, rather symbolically. In The Great Gatsby there are references made by Fitzgerald to the East and West Eggs and the Valley of Ashes. In the East Egg the American Dream has been corrupted and is no longer about honesty and hard work, where Tom and Daisy live. In the West Egg the American Dream is still alive, where Gatsby and Nick live. The Valley of Ashes represents the struggle of survival of the working class people and their pursuit of the dream, much the same way as in the Joads story in The Grapes of Wrath. Oklahoma is described as dry, dusty and lifeless, symbolising the withering and death of the American Dream. California however is the promise land, of green and fruitful valleys, a clear symbol of hope and the opportunity to still achieve the dream. The plot of each story is also important in presenting the pursuit of the American Dream, showing how two entirely different stories can present similar themes. Fitzgerald sets his story among the wealthy, selfish and materialistic characters in upper class New York. The main storyline is the task of Gatsby trying to achieve his American Dream, winning back the love of Daisy. Steinbecks focus on the other hand, is on the poor, dispossessed migrant farmers trying to survive and achieve their interpretation of the American Dream. Even though the plots are quite different, they both show the pursuit of the American Dream and the difficulties of achieving it. Both Fitzgerald and Steinbeck employ the use of writing techniques to portray the American Dream. The green light on Daisys dock is a symbol used by Fitzgerald, directing Gatsby to follow his dream of winning back the love of Daisy, green representing go. .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b , .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b .postImageUrl , .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b , .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b:hover , .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b:visited , .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b:active { border:0!important; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b:active , .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u539a596ed0652c36e6285c1320bc595b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby: Tragedy From Lies EssaySteinbeck employs the use of a turtle in chapter three to symbolise the struggle for survival, the pursuit of the American Dream and the perseverance of the human spirit. The use and misuse of wealth is also a theme central to both novels. The characters who are wealthy are also suggested to be powerful, indicating that wealth equals power and dominance within the social structures of both societies. The wealthy are also portrayed as abusing, or misusing this power. This is shown by Tom in The Great Gatsby as well as the banks and large farm owners in The Grapes of Wrath. Tom uses his wealth to control George Wilson, by providing financial support for his business and making Wilson dependant on him to survive and support his wife, Myrtle. Toms power and control over Wilson are also expressed by his affair with Myrtle, an example of his control and manipulation over Wilsons entire life. Tom also abuses his power and control over Myrtle when he assaults her, breaking her nose. In The Grapes of Wrath the banks misuse their wealth and power by forcing the farmers to leave their homes. This also occurs in California, with the large farm owners misusing their wealth and power by running the smaller farms out of business, and lowering the wages of workers to below the cost of living. These differing ways of representing the misuse of power show the manipulation and selfishness of the wealthy that both authors want to make clear to the reader, strengthening my understanding of how authors present similar themes in different ways. Writing styles and techniques can also be used in different ways to present similar themes. Both Fitzgerald and Steinbeck use colloquial speech to emphasise the vernacular used by the characters who do not have power in society, and to also reinforce their victimisation by the misuse of wealth by the powerful. In The Great Gatsby, Myrtle is shown to speak with poor grammar and the mispronunciation of words; I got to call up my sister I got to write down a list things I got to do. In The Grapes of Wrath the Oakies are also portrayed using similar speech; well, it aint yourn, an it aint gonna be yourn, No but I would a. Twicet to-day she worked my girl up. This use of vernacular shows how the powerless is these societies are portrayed as being less than and inferior to the wealthy, who mistreatment them. Imagery is also used by both authors to show the monstrosity of Tom and the banks and to reinforce their power and wealth, and the abuse of it. Through the eyes of Nick, Fitzgerald physically describes Tom as a monster enormous power of that body a cruel body a brute of a man. The psychological power and misuse of wealth by the banks is described in an interchapter. Steinbeck personifies the bank as a monster; The bank must have as though the Bank was a monster, They breathe profits; they eat the interest on money. The large land owners are also described as monsters in this chapter; Or an owner with fifty thousand acres thats the monster. The societies in which both novels are set also play a part in the continuity of the misuse of wealth by the powerful. It is made clear to the reader that society approves of or cannot stop the misuse of wealth, no matter what they do. In The Great Gatsby, the author shows the corruption of the valley of ashes by the misuse of wealth and abuse of power by people like Tom Buchanan. Fitzgerald also suggests that these people have no control over this corruption and are left helpless to accept the exploitation of the wealthy. This idea is symbolised by Fitzgerald in Wilsons desire, but failure, to move west; away from corruption. This idea is also symbolised by Wilsons death, caused ultimately by the self-interest and utilisation of Tom and Daisy, for him to dispose of Gatsby. In The Grapes of Wrath Steinbeck suggests that no one can stop the oppression and tyranny made by the powerful and wealthy. This idea is symbolised by the workers of the banks, where every man in a bank hates what the bank does, and yet the bank does it they cant control it. .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a , .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a .postImageUrl , .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a , .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a:hover , .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a:visited , .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a:active { border:0!important; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a:active , .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea528b642f164e7d9f784ba547afd44a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Narrator draws EssayThis idea is also expressed during Mas shopping trip to the Hooper Farm store. The clerk is forced to work at the store to support his family, despite the exploitation and deceit of the workers. He is also poor but is unable to stop the succession of poverty. The different societies show how the similar theme of the use and misuse of power can be shown clearly to the reader. In both novels, there are significant, influential female characters that are central to the development of the plot. In The Great Gatsby, Daisy is portrayed negatively by Fitzgerald, as being weak, selfish and materialistic. Her influence lies in the life of Gatsby, as she is t he sole reason for his quest for wealth; she is his interpretation of the American Dream. Gatsby is willing to do anything for Daisy. This idea is supported by his decision to cover for Daisy in Myrtles accidental death. Daisys power over Gatsby is so great that she is able to ultimately cause his death on the assumption of her influence. In The Grapes of Wrath Ma is portrayed positively by Steinbeck, as being strong, altruistic and compassionate. Mas influence over her family is so strong that she is able to provide hope when there is nothing to hope for, and to provide strength for the family when the strength of everyone is flagging. The authors presentation of Daisy and Ma, show how entirely different characters can present the same theme; as influential women. The theme of strength in unity is also central to both novels. In The Great Gatsby the success of unity is shown by the conspiring of Tom and Daisy to frame Gatsby for Myrtles death, ultimately causing the demise of both him and Wilson. In The Grapes of Wrath the unity of the Oakies and the destitute is also shown. Steinbeck symbolises this unity in the giving and caring attitude that radiates from the Joad family and the Oakies. Even when they have nothing themselves they still continue giving to others that are worse of than them. The Wilsons give help to the Joads when Granma dies and they fix their car in return, Ma gives the poor children stew when there is none to spare, the clerk lends Ma a nickel to buy sugar; these are all examples of the unity of the poor. This idea is summarised in Mas statement: If youre in trouble or hurt or need go to poor people. Theyre the only ones that will help the only ones. Steinbeck also summarises the importance of unity in chapters fourteen and seventeen. The statement This is the thing to bomb. This is the beginning from I to we symbolises that strength in unity is what will save the Oakies, working together, towards the common good to achieve dreams. The expression the twenty families became one family, the children were the children of all. also reinforces the theme of strength in unity and the need for unison. Steinbeck is suggesting that without it, the quest for the American dream will be hopeless. Throughout society, strength in unity is also shown. In The Great Gatsby, unity is shown by the wealthy sticking together, i. e. Tom and Daisy and by the unity of criminals, i. e. Gatsby and Wolfshiem. In The Grapes of Wrath unity is shown by Oakies in the government camp, where the Oakies have the power, and are free from corruption. Steinbeck is suggesting that this is what the Oakies need to accomplish externally to achieve their dream, and without unity the Oakies will never prevail. The pursuit of the American Dream is a major theme throughout the novels The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of Wrath. Other prominent themes are the use and misuse of power, the strength in unity and the influence of female characters. The similarities in themes are presented in very different ways by the authors, F. Scott Fitzgerald and John Steinbeck. By presenting their similar ideas in different ways, I was able to obtain a clear understanding of how authors can present similar themes using different methods.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Likes dislikes of monninger and marquez Essays - Free Essays

Likes dislikes of monninger and marquez Essays - Free Essays Likes dislikes of monninger and marquez Give me Freedom to Interpret, or Give me Death! Imagine if every piece of literature we read used Edgar Allan Poe?s view that all the elements of the story should work together to create a single unified effect. Everybody would get the same meaning out of each story and interpret it the exact same way. Instead, weG27>>> have the luxury of coming up with multiple meanings of ourG28>>> own trying to figure out what it all really means. This was the view of the talented Guy d? Maupassant. Although I will not discuss anything about his stories, I agree with him and have examples of elements from other great writers in their stories that I was fond ofG20>>> . I had a ball with the usage of magical realism in "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, as well as how Joseph Monninger used specific details and an open ending in his short story "Lunch." To begin, one characteristic used in the short story ?A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings? by Gabriel Garcia Marquez that I liked was his use of magical realism, where he combined an everyday world with extraordinary circumstances. For example, at the beginning of the story, Pelayo is on his way back to his house after throwing out crabs believed to be causing his family?s newborn to get sick. It is a dark, gloomy day, and while walking he sees something. At this point, the narrator explains, ?It was hard for him to see what it was that was moving and groaning in the rear of the courtyard. He had to go very close to see that it was an old man, a very old man, lying face down in the mud, who, in spite of his tremendous efforts, couldn?t get up, impeded by his enormous wings? (410). In this passage, the narrator explainedG31>>> what seems to be an ordinary world with Pelayo?s crab problems and a man of old age, but makes it extraordinary when Pelayo finds out the struggling old man has enormous wings. Nowhere in the passage does it say that the man is an angel. Yet becauseCG80>>> of the day being very dark, how the man just suddenly appearedG31>>> in the courtyard all of a sudden, and the wings on his back I interpreted the old man to indeed be an angel. This put me in wonder thinkingG59>>> that such an old decrepit being could be an angel, since I?veG33>>> always pictured them as young and beautiful, and even more so that it could be placed in such an un-extraordinary world. By adding these magical characteristics to an otherwise normal situation, Marquez helped me to experience the story in a feeling of wonder, therefore making it enjoyable. Yet, his short story was not the only one I wasS27>>> fond ofG20>>> . In the short story ?Lunch,? I enjoyed Joseph Monninger?s use of specific details. How precise and lifelike his accounts of events were helped me to generate a crystal clear image of exactly what was happening in the story. For instance, as the narrator begins, he introduces the fact that it is a hot day as he has arrived at a beach in Maine. What he is not expecting to see is his ex-wife, Kendra, whom he has been separated fromG20>>> for almost nine years to the very day. Yet lowCG80>>> and behold, there she is on the same exact beach, and she doesn?t appear to be alone. He goes on to explain, ?It?s July, eighty-three degrees and hazy with heat. She sits on a blanket, a wide straw hat throwing shade over her shoulders, a red Coleman cooler beside her. You see a man?s Tevas beside hers, a second dent in the blanket, a T-shirt balled as a pillow. But he?s temporarily missing, gone, maybe in swimming? (1). Right off the bat, I felt like an artist snuck into my head and painted the entir e scene in my head. The exact month, temperature, and wide-straw hat Kendra is wearing told me that it wasG31>>> a fairly hot day, good for visiting the beach. Also, he describes everything from what Kendra is sitting on

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Critical review of Collier and Fearons articles Essay

Critical review of Collier and Fearons articles - Essay Example Fearon and Laitin had taken data for the period of 1945 to 1999 from 161 countries which had minimum half a million population. On the other hand, Collier and Hoeffler have focused on the data from 1960 to 1999 of 98 countries and have used econometric model to predict civil war. The paper would critically review the articles for the operational definitions and measurements of key theoretical concepts for their validity and reliability. The article broadly tries to examine the various factors that may lead to civil unrest and insurgency in countries across the across. The authors have used the data on 161 countries for the period 1945 to 1999, made available from Singer and Small, 1994 and updated to include Kargil and Eritrean wars. They have consciously scrutinized and refuted the three popular beliefs which could have caused civil wars. They are: prevalence of civil war in 1990s was due to cold war and changing pattern of societies across the world after WWII; ethnic and religious diversity facilitate make countries vulnerable to internal conflicts and civil wars; and ethnic and political grievances are strong contenders for propelling civil wars. The authors have concluded that the major cause that may lead to civil war and insurgency is the socio-economic conditions of the regions where poverty is rampant. The article has extensively looked at various factors of unrest like civil war, insurgency and ethnicity. Civil war is broadly defined as public revolt against the state policies that tries to overpower the state machineries of administration to gain leverage. Ethnicity describes the demographic segmentation of the population based on culture, race and color. Insurgency is the most violent form of internal conflict where armed groups, using guerrilla techniques attack civilians and government machineries for their vested interests. Thus, insurgency primarily is associated with killing and threats to damage of public private property in order to

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Finance and Accounting Assignment Research Paper

Finance and Accounting Assignment - Research Paper Example Irrespective of such disruptions, in the year 2011, Ford completed its consecutive three years of earning profit in relation to its operating costs and, therefore, announced the payment of dividends to its valued shareholders in five years, which, in turn, has significantly motivated the company to preserve its financial efficiencies in the long run (Ford Motor Company). Thesis Statement The report will analyze various divisions and departments of Ford where costs are allocated currently. Furthermore, it will provide recommendations based on the importance of divisions and departments about effective allocation of costs. Allocation of Costs The automobile industry is facing continuous challenges due to the increasing fuel prices, uncertain economic conditions prevailing in the international arena, rising commodity prices and the growing need to reduce CO2 emissions in order to protect the environment. Thus, Ford has been allocating huge amount of revenues to the Research and Developm ent (R&D) department in order to develop best-in-class vehicles that will provide superior quality, efficient fuel economy, safety, value for money and attractive design which best satisfies the consumer preferences. Furthermore, the company has been doubling its investment in innovating advanced technologies in order to maintain a high degree of competitive edge over its global competitors (Ford Motor Company). Although the automobile industry is facing fierce competition due to the presence of large number of competitors, Ford can utilize its brand recognition and strong financial resources to expand its global presence and increase the volume of sales. Sudden shifts in demand have also been identified, from hybrid cars to small cars due to the non-availability of parking spaces and traffic congestions. Thus, the sudden increase in demands disrupted the process of production as the company had to make major changes in order to shift its manufacturing concentration solely to small cars segment. Furthermore, the introduction of advanced technologies has emerged as a growing trend among the car manufacturing companies across the globe. Thus, Ford should emphasize more on its technology development department in order to introduce unique technologies integrated with modern vehicles: parking assistance, car tracking device and GPRS among others (Ford Motor Company). Moreover, the company can invest its capital for expanding its production facilities in countries where Ford’s market share is considerably lower than that of other car companies even though the markets are promising. Hence, the establishment of manufacturing units will lower the logistics costs and enable the company to have greater profit margins. Furthermore, the company may allocate additional funds to the marketing segment in order to promote the uniqueness of its technologies. Notably, the recovery of the global economy from the financial downturn has provided consumers around the world w ith an increasing purchase power, which has been reflected through the increased demand across the globe. People are comfortable in spending money for luxurious products, especially those with integrated technologies which have not been introduced earlier (Humphrey and Memedovic). Benefits of

Monday, November 18, 2019

Risk management process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk management process - Essay Example This paper gives a critical analysis of a diagrammatic representation of the steps of risk management. This is achieved in conjunction with a detailed evaluation of the journal article â€Å"Understanding Risk Management in Small 7 Steps† (Mazareanu, 2011). Figure 1 below presents the 6 major steps in risk management. Nonetheless the article â€Å"Understanding Risk Management in Small 7 Steps† breaks down the steps of risk management process into seven small steps. It is however notable that the journal article describes the major areas in risk management sufficiently in scope (Mazareanu, 2011). In accordance to Fig 1 above, the process of risk management begins with the assessment of risk. Mazareanu (2011), in the journal article, describes this stage as the assessment of vulnerabilities. Nonetheless this translates to the same meaning. Therefore the risk management process begins with the assessment of both internal and external factors which makes individuals or organizations vulnerable to risk. In the assessment of risk, it is necessary to consider the assets that are at stake and the level of vulnerability that they are exposed to incase of a disaster, accident or failure (Burnaby & Hass, 2009). The diagram shows that after the assessment of risk, the process of risk management is followed by the development of goals and objectives of the management process. These goals and objectives acts as a roadmap against which the processes of risk management are measured (LAbbate, 2008). Fig 1 illustrates various considerations in the design of objectives and goals of the risk management process. Firstly, policy issues must be considered because they have a direct effect on the implementation of the risk management processes and project. Secondly, the standards for cleanup are designed. These are the guidelines which limit the extent to which risks are

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Overview of the American Disabilities Act (ADA)

Overview of the American Disabilities Act (ADA) Crystal Mullen What did you learn this week that you did not know before or that you found interesting? What outside resources did you use this week? Your submission should be 1 page APA formatted paper, not including your title page. I grew up in the 70s and 80s; a time when every building, every walkway and certainly every restroom was geared toward able bodied individuals. I heard stories of my mom having to help my wheelchair-bound great-grandmother out of her chair, into a ladies room stall and then back into her chair. Certain shops were outside my great-grandmother’s ability to frequent because the door to get in was too narrow for her wheelchair or the building had to be accessed by climbing steps. If these are a few of the obstacles my great-grandmother had to overcome, I can only imagine how people who are blind, deaf, or even small statured managed to live in a world that was designed for people with two good eyes, two good ears and five feet, five inches tall. This is why I’m thankful for the Americans with Disabilities Act. The American Disabilities Act (ADA) is an all-encompassing civil statute with the magnitude of a constitutional amendment. It requires equal accessibility to interact with society and equal opportunity for gainful employment. This means that restaurants offer menus in Braille. It may also means an office adjusting a workspace for an employee in a wheelchair (The Center for an Accessible Society, 2014). As alluded to, one of the main areas that are affected by the ADA is the workplace. Employers are not allowed to discriminate against applicants who are qualified but have disabilities. This means when an employer is interviewing a job hopeful, for hire, the employer is not allowed to directly question the applicant’s disability. Furthermore, the job hopeful be given the same consideration for the job at hand as his or her able-bodied counterpart. Finally, though certainly not exhaustively, employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations to their employees with disabilities. If necessary, employers will need to make accommodations that are considered reasonable for employees who become disabled temporarily by providing temporary reassignment of duties (Kesee, 2014). One of my favorite shows is the TLC reality show â€Å"The Little Couple†, Dr. Jen Arnold, who’s 3’ 2† tall is a is a doctor who works in the Neo-Natal Intensive Unit (NICU) at a hospital in Houston. In order for the hospital to accommodate the doctor’s stature, there are step ladders strategically placed throughout the NICU as well as a motorized chair quickly transport her through the long corridors of the hospital (Wikipedia, 2014). Modifications like these are required in the workplace to accommodate anyone with disabilities and those requirements are the result of the Americans Disabilities Act. Another area that is affected by the ADA involves public transportation. Under the ADA, all modes of public transportation needs to be accessible by passengers who are wheelchair-bound or otherwise disabled. This means buses and trains must provide designated seating areas for disabled individuals. Furthermore, transit facilities are required by law to allow the entry of service animals that assist passengers onboard their vehicles of transportation. Finally, airports, train stations and bus stations are required to provide assistance when needed or when asked. These are just a few areas of transportation that are affected by the ADA (Kesee, 2014). Finally, but not exhaustively, a third area that is affected by the ADA involves access into public buildings. Public buildings must ensure that entryways as well as restrooms can be wheelchair accessible and that its accessibility to the public meets ADA requirements. Many of the public buildings are now equipped with doors that open and close automatically so that wheelchair-bound individuals are granted entry. Furthermore, public buildings with steps need to provide wheelchair ramps. Finally, though certainly not exhaustively, public restrooms are required to provide at least one stall with that has a wider entrance necessary for wheelchair entry. Public facilities like grocery store counters or gas stations however must provide some type of assistance for disabled individuals who require assistance (Kesee, 2014). These are just a few measures mandated by the ADA open the doors to those with disabilities. Every wide sweeping measure has its pros and cons and the ADA is no exception. There are instances where the ADA is both well-meaning yet problematic for small businesses – particularly those that are in areas where are few or no disabilities to address. One example is that businesses are mandated by the ADA to provide public spaces and ensure that disabled patrons can accesses needed spaces. This includes continuous railings be found along the stairs and ramps, the ramps need to be constructed with low grade slopes, designated and widened parking spaces and restrooms with hand railing. While I believe these mandates by the ADA are well-intentioned, these changes and modifications to a company’s infrastructure can be costly. However, if a business chooses not to comply, they face fine that far outweigh the cost for implementing the changes. For example, the Morena Business Association incurred many lawsuits for violating ADA requirements in their San Diego, California l ocation. Because they ignored ADA mandates from 1992 to 2007 the local business was forced to pay $1 billion in fines (Holzer, 2014). Conclusion Despite the financial challenges to small businesses, I believe the ADA has positively changed society and the workplace so that everyone – regardless of their abilities can participate in society and bring value to any workplace. Last summer I had the opportunity of working with someone who was partially hearing impaired. There was a time when she would never get a job due to her disability. However, thanks to technology, she could receive communication through emails and direct face-to-face communication; she was able to perform data-entry duties along with the rest of her team. I credit the ADA with these changes to society and the workplace and these changes have made our society and workplace a more welcoming environment for all. Furthermore, I’m so thankful to get on a bus and hear bus stops audibly announced for the visually impaired. Finally, though certainly not exhaustively, I wish my great-grandmother was alive today to see she can enter any restaurant and us e any restroom all by herself and with her dignity intact. Therefore, despite its flaws the ADA has provided a great amount of good for those with disabilities and even those who have two good arms, legs, eyes and ears. It benefits everyone across the country. References Holzer, D. (2014). ADA Compliance Issues. Retrieved March 16, 2014, from eHow.com: http://www.ehow.com/list_6611054_ada-compliance-issues.html#ixzz2SLge5VT1 Kesee, C. (2014). American Disabilities Act. Retrieved March 16, 2014, from eHow.com: http://www.ehow.com/about_6626833_american-disabilities-act.html The Center for an Accessible Society. (2014). The Americans with Disabilities Act. Retrieved March 2014, 2014, from The Center for an Accessible Society. Wikipedia. (2014). The Little Couple. Retrieved March 16, 2014, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Couple

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

A Clockwork Orange :: essays research papers

The narrator, 15-year-old Alex, and his gang - Dim, Pete, and Georgie - run amok in futuristic London. When the foursome isn't downing drug-laced milk in the Korova Milkbar and speaking in the Slavic-influenced slang of nadsat, they are robbing, beating, and raping socialist London's citizens. On this particular night, they beat up an old man with science books and a homeless man, get into a fight with a rival gang led by Billybob, and steal a car and take it for a joyride to the country. At a cottage labeled "HOME," they beat up the author of "A Clockwork Orange" - a manuscript celebrating human free will and denouncing any infringement upon it - and rape his wife. Back at the Korova Milkbar, Alex hits Dim for interrupting a woman singing a piece from an opera - Alex is a great lover of classical music, especially Beethoven, and he always imagines himself engaging in violent and sexual acts while listening to it. Alex's parents are ineffectual, and his farcical Post-Corrective Adviser, P.R. Deltoid, cannot fathom why London's youth has turned to criminality. The next night, Alex gets into a fight with Dim and Georgie to assert his leadership. The gang proposes they rob a rich old woman's house. After an unsuccessful attempt to get the woman to open the door, Alex sneaks into the house while his friends wait outside. He gets into a fight with the woman and her cats, but the police soon arrive. His friends betray him, temporarily blinding him while they flee, and Alex is arrested. The police brutalize Alex and are elated to have caught him. Alex soon discovers the woman has died, and he is sentenced to 14 years of jail for murder. Alex, now known as number "6655321," spends two years in State jail, dealing with brutal wardens, homosexual prisoners, and mindless labor. He relates that Georgie has died. His one supporter in prison is the chaplain, who has taken Alex under his wing since Alex got interested in the Bible - little does he know that Alex entertains violent fantasies when reading the book. Alex asks about a new treatment - Ludovico's Technique - which frees the prisoner and ensures he remains free. The chaplain is skeptical about the treatment, as it eliminates the subject's power to choose. A cell scuffle results in Alex's killing a new prisoner, and the powerful Minister of the Interior asks the prison Governor to use Alex as a guinea pig for the new treatment.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic

Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic Perspective Withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment'. â€Å"And the dust goes back to the earth as it was, and the spirit goes back to God who gave It†. (Ecclesiastic 12:7). In order for me to comprehend and discuss the moral Issue of withdrawal of life- sustaining medical treatment from a Catholic perspective, I needed to have an understanding of what Bioethics refers to. It is a shared reflective analysis and discussion of ethical issues in health care, health science, and health policies.It engages dialogue and thought from our society comprising of doctors, patients, scientists, politicians and the general public (What Is Bioethics? 2014). Using Bioethics as a framework to discuss withdrawal of life, It helps us to realism the position the catholic church has adopted In Its views and beliefs.. The catholic church wishes to trigger a deeper thinking regarding moral issues and offers practical help in moral deci sion making by encouraging us to think about the role of the Church in society from two distinct roles; that of Doctrinal and of Pastoral (Rev Dry.Joe Parkinson, personal communication, July 18, 2014). One of my duties as a teacher facilitating in a Catholic Education School Is not only to Identify what the Catholic Church doctrine upholds, but also to counsel and support those In need. The Catholic doctrinal view Is that there needs to be a prohibition on euthanasia, because society may create a sub-class if we approve assisted death and what the Church offers is a development when bringing about a change of society's mindset in which you offer palliative care and managed pain relief instead of looking at euthanasia as the only option (Dry.Joe Parkinson). The Church acknowledges that this Is a challenge In an aging society, but e need to promote an environment that upholds the dignity of the sick, vulnerable and the aged. From a pastoral approach, the Catholic perspective Is that d ecision making regarding values and morals is based on a process of identifying the options and choosing what is most important to us. The Catholic Church advocates discussion and examination of what is driving the decisions and what are the other values and factors at play.Saying this, the Catholic Church also realizes that the choices are often not perfect and one very Important point Is to emphasis that the Church will never abandon someone based on differences of viewpoint and acknowledges that individuals may have come to a decision, knowing that is the best that they can do, having balanced the ethical and moral decisions in their conscience. The Catholic Church appreciates that as human beings we are not remote controlled Catholics.However, the Church also recognizes it has to take a position regarding morality, a standpoint that asks us to recognize that we are responsible for our decisions and that they Impact the bigger picture In regards to Catholic Church teaches us to v alue life, promote and to protect life (Pontifical Council for Health Care Workers, 1995). The Church also promotes prayer and counsel to sits individuals in the decision making process and urges individuals to examine whether they feel the outcomes are acceptable before God.Saying this, the Church also understands that we need to be true to ourselves. Whilst our ethics, our reasoned choices, may often be intuitive, they allow us to make choices that make us accountable as individuals. These ethical choices expresses our values and our actions as well as our intentions, it essentially defines our values. In the issue of withdrawing life-support, it is quite possible to go about getting the right thing, but going about it in the wrong way.Morals and ethics challenge the thought that if it does not break the law; than it is acceptable. However, some lawful acts are not morally right. From a Catholic teaching perspective the primary objective and value is â€Å"To preserve the dignity of the person† and this remains its fundamental value. Unfortunately, it is often forgotten. The Catholic Church advocates that life is a gift and acknowledges that we are part of all creation and therefore, we are the stewards of the world, not the domination.The symbolism of the crucifix is a reminder to Christians that we understand and trust in Jesus, that there is eternal life and that e need to live through our mortal life. This viewpoint is that life is a gift and on that basis alone we have a responsibility to protect the weak, vulnerable, the young and the old. This is one of fundamentals of Christianity. Yet as human beings we experience illness, suffering and death and sometimes euthanasia may seem like the best choice. However, when we treat other human beings as expendable; we diminish our own humanity (Dry Joe Parkinson).The Catholic Church suggests that when we make moral decisions, we make these using a formula; a format for our moral decision-making, one in w hich we examine what the facts are and what is ally going on. A set up that asks the individual whether their core values are being respected, upheld and what the guiding ethical principles involved are. The rhetorical triangle (Image 1) is helpful to visualize how it is used by the Catholic Church for teaching and passing on the values of the Church. (Image 1 . The Rhetorical Triangle, reproduced from Google images).This type of plan will question who should be involved in the decision making and whether the decisions will and should be reviewed? This framework would also take into account what legal definitions need to be considered in terms of unwanted reattempt versus the decision of suicide, it will identify what the core values involving the patient are, who are the other relevant people involved and also the duty of care that affects the hospital staff, whilst still protecting the individual's autonomy (Euthanasia law is no cure-all for Dutch doctors, 2009).What is interestin g to note, is that the Catholic perspective is that life should not be preserved at all costs if it does not take into account the dignity of the individual and their decision on whether they wish to take part with treatment and whether they have been given the opportunity o think and discuss if the means of treatment is morally disproportionate, does not offer any reasonable therapeutic benefit, is overly burdensome or, in some given us intelligence to think things through, yet the Church will never advocate the taking of a human life (Dry Joe Parkinson).On the other hand, the law takes the view that duty of care is higher than the individual's autonomy. These laws impact on careers and hospital staff alike, as in the case of Christian Roister, a 49 year old man who was left quadriplegic after being hit by a car. A Western Australian landmark court decision ruled in favor of Mr.. Roister, stating that a patient had the right to refuse treatment and to choose not to receive nutritio n and hydration and any person or care group providing palliative care would not be criminally responsible (Physician-assisted suicide the same as euthanasia? 014). To safeguard the autonomy of the person, the Catholic Church endorses the use of Advanced Care Plans and appointment of an Enduring Guardian to ensure that the patient is treated and cared for respectfully and with dignity. In Christina Tone's report entitled ‘Assisted Suicide. How the chattering classes have got it wrong, 2010 ‘she writes about Debbie Purdue, who suffered from Multiple Sclerosis.Debby Purdue won the right to have the prosecution guidelines affecting those who assist suicide clarified and in 2010, the United Kingdom published guidelines that in no way pave the way for assisted suicide; but call for each case to be Judged on its own merits. These guidelines are imperative in protecting those working with the sick, disabled, aged or terminally ill and for those worried that if assisted suicide were to be introduced on compassionate grounds, it would lead to death on request or euthanasia without consent. Finally, as a teacher in a Catholic Education system.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

A Discussion on the roles of music in the film BRASSED Off essays

A Discussion on the roles of music in the film BRASSED Off essays A Discussion on the roles of music in the film BRASSED Off Music is central to the plot of this film, manifested in the Grimley Colliery Band. Remove the music and you would be left with no film at all. Music provides the pun-title and the progress of the band is paralleled against the plight of its associated pit throughout the film. All the characters in the film have some link, be it direct or indirect with music. Its music that matters. This is the opinion of Danny, the pivotal character, from the very beginning of the film, so his connection to music will be the main focal point of this essay. The relationship between key characters and the band as well as its link with the local community will also be discussed. How music is employed through the films soundtrack to enhance the viewers response will also be examined. The importance of music to the lives of the films characters is a central theme. Most notably, for Danny the bandleader who is unique in his view that the pit and the colliery band are summat separate, music means everything. His passion for music is the driving force behind the band and also his main reason for living. He is intent on getting the band to the national finals at the Albert Hall for the first time, since its formation in 1881. He lives in an isolated world where he is seemingly unaware of the impending pit closure and the anxiety this is causing his band members. His love for the band even exceeds concern for his own health. On his deathbed in hospital he is seen listening at night to brass band music on headphones. His wrath is a source of fear amongst the band members. After their miserable performance at the Saddleworth contest he is furious and scolds them like naughty schoolchildren, reminding them that the band is a source of local pride. It is at this point t hat Dannys isolated obsession with the band becomes most apparent...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Can democracy be spread by force

Can democracy be spread by force Introduction Typically, democracy is a system of governance in which people choose their preferred government and rulers. This can be exercised through voting in a free and fair mannerism.1Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can democracy be spread by force? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is instantiated by rights like freedom of expression and freedom of speech amongst others. Therefore, at its core, democracy signifies a fair and justifiable power distribution in any kind of society. This paper discerns whether democracy can be spread by force. Concurrently, it argues against the possibility of attaining democracy through forceful strategies. It also provides relevant countries and global instances (as examples) to certify this claim. This is a critical provision when considered comprehensively in the realms of democracy and its relevant benefits. In a democratic society, an individual has more power of governing his or her life as it would be appropriate (self choice of expression). Considerably, there are four main elements of democracy.2 Besides a political system where people choose and replace their government through elections (which are free and fair), people also participate actively as citizens in their civic life and politics. In addition, the rule of law which applies equally to every citizen should be used to protect the fundamental human rights of each and every citizen. Even though democracy is much embraced in most countries of the western world, it has failed in some continents such as Africa, Middle East regions, and to some extent, south Asia. Tribalism, which has its deep roots in these counties, is the major reason for this failure.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considerably, some attempts to attain democracy through force have worked in some countries includi ng Japan and Germany after the World War II. Nonetheless, some forceful efforts have failed significantly. Actually, the majority of people from these countries would prefer voting for a candidate who is a member of their tribe, religion, or sect rather than someone else who is a not a member even if that individual have got better governance ideologies. This is very evident in countries such as Zimbabwe and Iraq. The United States of America is at the forefront in spreading democracy.3 But why should they seek to spread democracy? And can democracy be achieved by force? Evidently, forced democracy might destroy a society during its establishment. Consequently, the society should be rebuilt after achieving the concerned democracy as it happened in the developed nations such as the Japan and Germany amongst others. Democracy can be spread by force To some extent this statement is true. For instance, the United States of America has launched an international war on terror, which invol ves strategies that embrace the regime change concepts. This creates new identities which are politically democratic and wins the hearts and minds of people. As an illustration, the involvement of the US in both Afghanistan and Iraq was premised on the view of eliminating terror and putting democracy in place. The United States has been successful in campaigning and spreading democracy through the use of military, politics, and psychology in almost each and every area that is involved around the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can democracy be spread by force? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Definitely, this close connection has implied that the extent of influence by the United States around the globe has been expanded. In fact, they have exploited every globalization device like television broadcasting and internet to compound the extent of its influence. These have been very effective in spreading democra tic propaganda in most regions of the globe that are governed by dictatorships. In addition, they have created changes in the political awareness in support to democratizing. At the end of the Second World War, US took an active role to deepen and widen democracy in western parts of Europe. The European integration was encouraged by the United States in establishing and stabilizing the democracy. NATO was the fortification within which West Germany, Spain, Portugal, and Italy became democratic. The integrated Europe and the twin NATO institutions jointly formed powerful incentives for developing democracies of the East European countries to link with the multilateral institutions of Western Europe at the end of the cold war.4 This shows how democracy spread in the western countries. However, it is important to note that war is characterized by the destruction of economy and ruining of the whole society. The society is rebuilt after the achievement of democracy as it happened in the developed nations such as the Japan and Germany amongst others as indicated earlier. There are certain problems that plague political efforts; typically, creating an arrangement that is able to safeguard people’s interests without persecution threats. Different nations around the globe have struggled with power balance by either using imperial or even more idealistic schemes to concentrate power for governing the world.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There has been lots of debate domestically on how much right the executive should have. The strong executive supporters believe that the best way of preserving peace is through uncontrolled ability to discourage or anticipate an attack. However, the antagonists of such kind of a scheme distress that it is likely to allow the executives to start war very easily and would be particularly unstoppable if many nations adopt it. This dilemma was tried to be resolved by the administration of George W. Bush by creating the democratic empire concept.5 America is regarded as inalienable military power that is able to enforce a peaceful order in any part of the troubled world. In this way, America continues to keep unchallengeable military strengths. Thus, it is not necessary to destabilize weapon competitions of other eras and also restricts the contentions to trade as well as other peace pursuant. Actually, most people around the globe are uncomfortable with the policy of the United States w hich welcomes power in the provision and commitment to freedom.6 Their policy stresses that freedom commitment can and must create a common cause to counter the enemies of freedom. This a clear indication that if such policies are not available to safeguard the rights and freedoms of individuals in the society -their democracy- then most of the nations will not allow their people to exercise these rights. It is very likely that the democratic institutions of governments will not be able to thwart the abuse of power used in promoting democracy and the application of military power will instill democracy in these nations. The demonstrations and protests that swept the Middle East in the beginning of the year 2011 is a further illustration that indeed democracy can be spread by force. These protests resulted to the removal of Tunisian president Ben Ali and shook Hosni Mubarak’s government of Egypt. In these countries, it is not only the world superpowers like the United States t hat gave a more vocal support to the people who demanded democracy on the Cairo streets but also the people stood firm in calling for change of leadership in their country. Eventually, the kind of leadership that was characterized by dictatorship and the oppression of the poor and the disadvantaged in the society had to cede power, sending a strong message to the rest of the world that if a leader clings to power through corruption and denial of democracy, at long last he or she will have to face the consequences. This is one way in which democracy has been spread around the globe. There is also a lot of argument as to whether the use of force or military action is justifiable in promoting democracy. In some cases, the action of military may not only be essential in facilitating and restoring democracy but also in ending certain cruel kind of dictatorship. For instance, in Rwanda genocide of 1994 is a typical example. The military involvement was very justifiable to put an end to ge nocide and restore peace in Rwanda. Nonetheless, military intervention should be considered as a last resort since a lot of destruction of the society as well as economic degradation is associated with such forceful democracy. While considering other viable theories, democracy is a major contributor to fundamental human values and should be encouraged all over the world. It promotes values such as the rights of workers, freedom of speech and movement. It also establishes an environment that is secure and stable for citizens of a country. In addition to this, democracy is a value that ensures interests of all citizens and the country are taken care of and their rights are secured.7 Governments that promote democracy are the ones that enhance peace, avoid violence and wars, encourage development, and advocate for the rights of all humans. Democracy should be promoted in the modern world to assist in the achievement of stability and growth for humanity. Its development should also be p romoted to enable countries that are newly formed to adopt democratic principles. Countries that have not implemented principles of democracy should be denounced and encouraged to adopt them. Many countries in the world have adopted democracy and continue to promote human rights. There are others still in the process of implementing strategies that will ensure democracy.8 The growth of democracy has taken a long time and there are various methods that have been used to spread it. There have also been various barriers to the spread of the value and commercial barriers are among them. Some of the methods that have been used to spread democracy are through use of religion and education. However, there is the question of the effectiveness of coercion in spreading democracy. There are people who believe that force can be used in spreading democracy while others believe that it is not an effective method. The question to use force or not in spreading democracy can be answered using theori es of international relations. This section of paper will attempt to answer the question using realism and liberal theories. With respect to democracy, realism focuses on the motives leading to proper security, control and capital (Gilbert 58). On the other hand, liberalism proposes that the difference that exists between countries regarding principles of democracy is the main causes of wars. Realism first focuses on the main causes of wars. The theory also believes that the international structure and systems has an important role in international relations. The proponents of this theory further believe that the absence of authority from a central point leads to dilemma on matters of security. This therefore means that attempts by one country to seek security assurance are likely to make its adversaries feel insecure. These adversaries can them arm up and use other forms of interactions that are hostile by nature. The relative capabilities of countries thus play an important role i n international relations. Concurrently, the central authority plays important roles in the international relations and gives a reason for countries to relate in the international system.9 Groups based in various parts of the world are also important in international relations (according to the realists). Additionally, the behavior of the states is considered to be rational according to this theory. The reason for this belief among realists is that states use logic when making decisions and act in the interest of the nation. They do this so as to survive, be secure, be powerful and gain capital. The motives of the nation usually make analysts to manipulate how policy makers think and this has the effect of policy makers making laws that are in the interest of the nation.10 The realists also note that states respond to external factors. Thus, their actions are guided by what happens internationally. These can be used to explain how democracy can be spread using force. For example, Ir aq was a country led by a dictator. There were also extremists in Iraq and the rights of the citizen were not guaranteed. The United States, on the other hand, is a country that values democracy and protection of the rights of individuals. United States thus attempted to promote these values in Iraq forcefully. However, according to realists, there are other interests that the United States had apart from the promotion of democracy in Iraq. United States wanted to ensure that it is secure and its citizens are safe. The United States also wanted to avoid Iraq’s quest to develop weapons of mass destruction. If Iraq developed these weapons, then it would be a threat to United States and countries that are allied to it. In addition to these interests of the United States, the need to develop military bases in the Middle East was another reason for going to Iraq. The United States wanted to develop military bases in Iran and Syria so as to help Israel, which is an ally of Unites S tates. Another reason was the need to secure the supply of oil for the United States and the need to reduce complications that could result from energy shortage. This is a critical provision when scrutinized comprehensively. Finally, United States hardly ratified inspections UN executed in Iraq to determine whether there were weapons of mass destruction. These, according to realism theory of international relations, guided the policy decisions of the United States. It means that the United States checked the benefits that could result from invading Iraq and the costs of the invasion. It then made decision based on the findings with respect to democracy. Additionally, the United States was a central point of authority. It had the military might and is a super power.11 The foreign policies of the United States are also war preventive against countries considered to be rogue. The military might of United States also played an important part. According to the theory, the military streng th of a country is important. It determines how the country establishes, ratifies, and protects its foreign policies.12 Thus, US ensured that its military might was unmatched and if Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction, then it had to be dealt with. These informed one of the policies of Bush administration and this was to remove the Baathist regime in Iraq. It did not, however, attack other countries such as North Korea or Libya or Iran. This is because of the interests that it had. In the attack, democracy was to be achieved by force in Iraq. In other words, the foreign policy of the United States is democratic in nature. On the other hand, according to liberalism, decisions to ratify force (to initiate democracy) are made based on differences that exist between countries that are democratic and countries that are non-democratic. Thus it is the ideologies that exist in a country, the beliefs and the views to the world operations are the guiding factors on whether to go t o war or not. This is different from the realists who see financial, political and bureaucratic motives of the elites as the reasons for going to war. Liberalism theory believes that the spread of democratic principles can lead to peace in the whole world. They argue that countries that uphold democratic principles are usually peaceful compared to countries that are ruled by authoritarian regimes. In addition to this, the liberals argue that economic interdependence among countries can promote peace too. This is because countries that are cooperating or depending on each other economically cannot go to war against each other because this would destroy both economically.13 According to liberals, states are the main actors in international matters and relations and not any other organization such as international corporations. According to liberals, the United States fear that Iraq could attack it and its allies because the ruler in Iraq was a dictator is one reason it attacked Iraq f irst. Secondly, it attacked Iraq because US’s security, security of other nations, and the rights of the Iraqis could only be derived through democracy. This means that the security for the whole world can be achieved when democracy is spread in the whole world. Security for the world can also be attained through trade and regulation of conflicts by international organizations. The liberals thus propose that force can be used to remove dictators from power and this will enable enhancement of freedom and thus democracy. In Iraq, this is what happened according to many people. A dictator, Saddam Hussein, was removed from power and the Iraqis gained democracy. Democracy cannot be achieved by force Even though most nations (especially in the western world) have been able to achieve forceful democracy, there are some regions where forced democracy has failed. Currently Americans have different opinions about the idea of promoting democracy.14 Even though most people believe that t he aim of the US foreign policy should be focused on endorsing democracy, there is unwillingness to make its promotion a key theme in their foreign policy as well as an opposition to the use of military force or threats to achieve democracy. Concurrently, the Americans believe they have a moral obligation of promoting democracy.15 There is a considerable support for cooperative approaches to promote democracy and involving the United Nations. There are people who would prefer to promote democracy in more friendly dictatorial countries regardless of whether it may result into unfriendly governments. Most people approve putting public and diplomatic pressure to respect the fundamental human rights. In 2005, the Americans resisted the recommendation of George w. Bush to make democracy promotion as the Central American policy. Evidently, Iraq and Iran have indicated unsuccessful instances where force was applied to establish democracy. Despite the US’s efforts to restore democrac y in the region, some instances of impartiality can be noticed within the region. The main purpose of democracy is creating reason and order in the society. However, when forced it could result into even more chaos, like in Israel and Palestine. Here the Israelites were given land (by the US), which the Palestinians claimed to be theirs. Consequently, there has been a constant war between the two countries. There are other countries which cannot keep democracy whether forceful or peaceful. Russia is a typical example where capital revolution rather than democracy has taken its deeper roots.16 In the majority of the undeveloped countries, democracy is difficult to sustain. In most cases, in smaller countries with already established set of cultures or government, when democracy is forced upon them it is more likely to backfire. In this case democracy will lead to tyranny17. Democracy has failed in America, majorly, because the government gets involved too much in the activities of bu sinesses like Microsoft. It imposes lots or restrictions which limit what can be done by the company thus hindering the value of democracy within these businesses. Even if democracy is forced on some countries, leaders still manipulate their way into dictatorship with impunity. Ngo Diem from the republic of Vietnam was a leader who never liked the public elections idea. When he was forced to establish and agree to the democracy of holding public elections, he organized it in a way that favored his victory. In this case, he sent soldiers in plainclothes into the districts of his opponents to make sure that he wins. This shows that democracy was still not yet exercised. The concerned election was not a free and fair. Precisely, the democratic society idea has changed and evolved over the past years to fit the country and its citizens. Even if not everybody is willing to accept a democratic government easily, there should be willingness of all parties involved. Democracy has succeeded in some countries simply because people have decided to exercise democracy rather than using force to impose it. Conclusion In conclusion, using force in spreading democracy is often necessary in most cases; however, it is not a vital success element. Democracy is changing regularly, not just for the citizens but also for the period it takes place. As evident earlier, democracy can be achieved through force in some cases; nonetheless, force never gives positive results in other instances. This is a critical provision when considered critically in the context of democracy and its promotional events. Every government should embrace democracy to give its citizens their necessary freedoms and rights. Bibliography Aron, R, Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations, Transactions Publishers, New Brunswick, 2003. Art, RJ K, Waltz. The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics, Rowman Littlefield, Lanham, 2003.. Barkawi, T M Laffey. Democracy, Liberalism, and War: R ethinking the Democratic Peace Debate, Lynne Rienner Publ, Boulder, 2001. Benjamin, P, The Foreign Policy Disconnect: What Americans Want from Our Leaders but Dont Get, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2006. Botscher, J, Neorealist Assessment of Indias Look East Policy, Grin Verlag, London, 2011. Bulliet, R, The Earth and Its People: A Global History, Cengage Wadsworth, Boston, 2011. Bundu, A, Democracy by Force?: (a Study of International Military Intervention in the Civil War in Sierra Leone from 1991-2000, Universal Publication, Parkland, 2001. Carter, A, Direct Action and Democracy Today, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2004. DAnieri, PJ, International Politics: Power and Purpose in Global Affairs, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Boston, 2012. Fortmann, MT JJ, Wirtz, Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2004. Gilbert, A, Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy?: Great-power Realism, Democratic Peace, and Democratic Internationali sm, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1999. Hobson, J, Imperialism: A Study, Cosimo, New York, 2005. Lambert, A, Democratic Civilian Control of Armed Forces in the Post-Cold War Era, LIT, Münster, 2008. Rousseau, DL, Identifying Threats and Threatening Identities: The Social Construction of Realism and Liberalism, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2006. Traub, J, The Freedom Agenda: Why America Must Spread Democracy (just Not the Way George Bush Did), Straus and Giroux, New York, 2009. Varas, A, Democracy Under Siege, Greenwood, Westport, 1989. Footnotes 1 A Bundu, Democracy by Force?: (a Study of International Military Intervention in the Civil War in Sierra Leone from 1991-2000, Universal Publication, Parkland, 2001, p. 65. 2 T Barkawi M Laffey. Democracy, Liberalism, and War: Rethinking the Democratic Peace Debate, Lynne Rienner Publ, Boulder, 2001, p. 73. 3 P Benjamin, The Foreign Policy Disconnect: What Americans Want from Our Leaders but Dont Get, Univ. of Chicago Pres s, Chicago, 2006, p. 23. 4 A Veras, Democracy Under Siege, Greenwood, Westport, 1989, p. 45. 5 PJ DAnieri, International Politics: Power and Purpose in Global Affairs, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Boston, 2012, p. 86. 6 J Botscher, Neorealist Assessment of Indias Look East Policy, Grin Verlag, London, 2011, p. 36. 7 R Bulliet, The Earth and Its People: A Global History, Cengage Wadsworth, Boston, 2011, p. 67. 8 R Art K Waltz, The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics, Rowman Littlefield, Lanham, 2003, p. 25. 9 J Traub,The Freedom Agenda: Why America Must Spread Democracy (just Not the Way George Bush Did), Straus and Giroux, New York, 2009, p. 50. 10 A Gilbert, Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy?: Great-power Realism, Democratic Peace, and Democratic Internationalism, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1999, p. 97. 11 MT Fortmann JJ Wirtz, Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2004, p. 64. 12 A Carter , Direct Action and Democracy Today, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2004, p. 60. 13 A Gilbert, Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy?: Great-power Realism, Democratic Peace, and Democratic Internationalism, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1999. 14 DL Rousseau, Identifying Threats and Threatening Identities: The Social Construction of Realism and Liberalism, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2006. 15 A Lambert, Democratic Civilian Control of Armed Forces in the Post-Cold War Era, LIT, Münster, 2008, P. 467. 16 J Hobson, Imperialism: A Study, Cosimo, New York, 2005. 17 R Aron, Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations, Transactions Publishers, New Brunswick, 2003, p. 25.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Organization Culture Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organization Culture - Case Study Example According to the report findings the CCO is tasked with the responsibility of protecting the culture of the organization as it undergoes growth and development. The growth of a company reduces the number of activities that can be controlled directly by the management. Therefore, it is reasonable to appoint someone who can make sure the organizational culture does not deviate from the foundational values and beliefs that facilitated success and growth of the organization.As the study stresses a Chief Cultural Officer in this organization would be responsible for setting the tone for communication. The organization has a diverse workforce with people from different backgrounds. The COO would be expected to monitor communication and liaise with the Head of Human Resource on how to improve effectiveness.   The COO would also be tasked with the responsibility of defining the goals of the organization and aligning all the departments. This is a very crucial responsibility because the org anization was started to achieve specific goals.   Success and greed can make organization members to deviate from the principles and values of the organization. Ensuring the goals of the organization are remembered is necessary. It is also an opportunity to make new employees understand the importance of being motivated by the mission and vision of the organization. The COO should explain these goals to gain their support.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leonardo Da Vinci - Research Paper Example Verrocchio was the name of his teacher who trained Da Vinci in a Florentine studio until he began his art career. Leonardo was 14 years during his apprenticeship. He spent the following years in mastering what the world would later love and remember him. It is significant to mention that the establishment of Leonardo Da Vinci personal workshop at 20 years was commendable1. During his career, Leonardo Da Vinci experienced both pleasant moments in which many people admired him. However, throughout his art existence, Da Vinci equally experienced low moments in which his works were criticized2. For instance, Leonardo Da Vinci was lucky to get numerous rich clients because of the perfection of his works. Leonardo died, 67, as a vegetarian after a life of painting using most inspirations from his life. Leonardo Da Vinci’s highlight was when Lorenzo de Medici, an Italian rich man asked him to design a silver piece of art. The silver lyre which he initiated made him get more orders fr om this rich Italian man. Leonardo’s life focused on respect for nature because of his continuous habit to free birds in to their natural homes. Finally, Leonardo Da Vinci’s life had most celebrations because up to date people still have T-shirts and other sales materials, which have his paintings. Most Famous Paintings Evidently, â€Å"Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper and Mona Lisa â€Å"are the most popular paintings of Da Vinci. In particular, The Last Supper (painted on a rectory wall) began to deteriorate following its creation because Da Vinci did not use the tempera on panel technique. 3The creation of the Last Supper was instantly when Jesus indicated that a disciple would be disloyal to Him. It is unfortunate that a majority of Leonardo Da Vinci works do not survive because of his deep sense of adventure with new technologies. However, even if the painting flaked, there was a recent remodeling of the same in order for people to enjoy viewing it. Moreover, The Mona Lisa is called half a smile because of Leonardo Da Vinci’s unique use of lightning in most of his paintings. In addition, Leonardo kept on postponing the completion of some of his pieces. Therefore, the available work could be perfect if he had more focus. It is also imperative to mention that his early work was called â€Å"The Baptism of Christ†, which he created with Verrocchio. All Leonardo Da Vinci’s renowned paintings display diverse aspects of movement unlike the remaining painters. Characteristics of Leonardo Da Vinci’s Art It is noteworthy to mention that Da Vinci’s works borrow a great deal of the human anatomy. Originally, The Mona Lisa was meant to be a private piece which took two years for the completion of its creation. This Mona Lisa painting is set on a significant light, which enables people to notice the uniqueness of the painting. The most obvious special characteristic about The Mona Lisa is Leonardo’s use of the sm oke technique. Further, this smoke technique makes it hard for anyone to notice the difference between darkness and lightness in the picture. The liquid paint, which Leonardo uses, depicts his understanding of the world to be always in movement4. Additionally, the painting of Mona Lisa is unique because of the unique half smile presented by Leonardo. The face of the woman in the painting is straight to the viewer. However, the rest of her body faces the direct opposite from