Do you think individuals or organizations should be allowed to own Essay

Do you figure people or associations ought to be permitted to possess old antiquities that began in another nation - Essay Example As uncovered by data by the British Museum (1), the responsibility for curios could likewise render a portion of these antiques pointless in cases were a portion of their parts are still in the nation of beginning. For this situation, none of the two nations truly benefits by possessing some portion of the curios. Albeit a few associations holding different nation’s models may guarantee that the nations of root don't have reasonable area for show, this is definitely not a decent legitimization for holding such antiquated curios. Had these curios existed in their nation, they would positively have roused them to assemble a superior spot for them. Antiquated curios are an image of a nation’s wonder and nothing can substitute this including replications of these relics. Shyllon (2) clarifies, a copy of a crucial social legacy can never be the best substitute. Shyllon Folarin. (2010). Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries Origin or its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation: Oral Report of the Rapporteur. On the web: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/pictures/0019/001925/192535e.pdf. Recovered on 28th September,

The Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Mena

The Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerieâ â  Tom Wingfield is the storyteller and a significant character in Tennessee William’s ageless play, The Glass Menagerie. Through the eyes of Tom, the watcher gets a look into the life of his family in the pre-war sorrow period; his mom, a Southern beauty urgently sticking to the past; his sister, a lady too delicate to even consider functioning in the public eye; and himself, a battling, youthful writer working at a stockroom to take care of the tabs. Williams has figured out how to make a pivotal play utilizing a blend of various components, including imagery. Three critical instances of imagery are the emergency exit, a feeling of expectation and a getaway both to the outside world and from it; the glass zoo itself, an image for Laura’s delicacy and uniqueness; and rainbows, images of hidden expectations and goals. Using these images, a more noteworthy comprehension of the humanistic subject that unfulfilled expectations and wants are an undesirable, however signifi cant part of this present reality is accomplished, and The Glass Menagerie is created into an important great show.  â â â â Symbols are a significant piece of this play Tom, who is a writer, concedes he has a soft spot for. One of the first to be introduced in the story is the emergency exit that ... ...Masterplots, ed. Blunt M. Magill. Amended Second Ed. Vol. 5. Pasadena: Salem Press, 1996. Bigsby, C. W. E. â€Å"Entering the Glass Menagerie.† The Cambridge Companion to Tennessee Williams, ed. Matthew C. Roudane. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Scheye, Thomas E. â€Å"The Glass Menagerie: ‘It’s not catastrophe, Freckles.’.† Tennessee Williams: A Tribute, ed. Jac Tharpe. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1977. Williams, Tennessee. Discussions with Tennessee Williams, ed. Albert Devlin. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1986. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. New York: New Directions Publishing, 1945.

Schizoid Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatments

Schizoid Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatments Theories Personality Psychology Print An Overview of Schizoid Personality Disorder By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 09, 2020 Cultura / Zero Creatives / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment View All Back To Top Schizoid personality disorder (SPD) is a chronic and pervasive condition characterized by social isolation and feelings of indifference toward other people.?? Those who live with this disorder are often described as distant or withdrawn. People with this condition avoid social situations that involve interaction with other people. They find it difficult to express emotions and lack the desire to form close personal relationships. This type of personality disorder is believed to be relatively rare and tends to affect more men than women.?? People with schizoid personality disorder are also at risk of experiencing depression. Symptoms People with schizoid personality disorder typically experience: Detachment from other peopleLittle or no desire to form close relationships with othersInfrequent participation in activities for fun or pleasureA sense of indifference to praise and affirmation, as well as to criticism or rejectionOften described as cold, uninterested, withdrawn, and aloofDoes not enjoy social or family relationshipsIndifference to social norms and expectationsA preoccupation with introspection and fantasy?? The disorder is often first noticeable during childhood and is usually apparent by early adulthood. The symptoms of the disorder can have an impact on multiple life domains including family relationships, school, and work. The DSM-5 defines schizoid personality disorder as a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity form, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.?? People with schizoid personality disorder are often described by others as aloof, cold, and detached. Those who have the disorder may prefer being alone, but some may also experience loneliness and social isolation as a result. Those with this disorder also tend to have few friendships, date rarely, and often do not marry. The symptoms of the disorder may also make it difficult to work in positions that require a lot of social interaction or people skills. People with a schizoid personality disorder may do better in jobs that involve working in solitude. Schizoid Personality Disorder vs. Schizophrenia While schizoid personality disorder is considered one of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and shares some common symptoms with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder, there are important distinctions that separate SPD from those two disorders. Those with SPD rarely experience paranoia or hallucinations.?? Also, while they may seem aloof and distant during conversations, they do make sense when they speak, which differs from the difficult to follow speech patterns  that often demonstrated by people with schizophrenia. An Overview of Schizophrenia Causes The causes of schizoid personality disorder are not known,?? although it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role. Personality is shaped by a wide variety of factors including inherited traits and tendencies, childhood experiences, parenting, education, and social interactions. All of these factors may play some part in contributing to the development of SPD.?? Diagnosis If you are concerned about your symptoms, you may start by consulting your doctor. Your doctor will evaluate your symptoms and check for any underlying medical conditions that might be contributing to your symptoms. In most cases, you will likely then be referred to a mental health professional.   The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria state that people must display at least four of the following symptoms in order to be diagnosed with SPD: Lack of desire or enjoyment for close personal relationshipsAlways chooses solitary activitiesLittle or no interest in sex with other peopleExperiences little pleasure from activitiesNo close friends other than immediate familyIndifference to criticism or praiseEmotional detachment and lack of emotional expression?? Schizoid personality disorder is most often diagnosed by a psychiatrist or another mental health professional who is trained to diagnose and treat personality disorders. General practitioners often lack the training to make this type of diagnosis, especially since the condition is so uncommon and is often confused with other mental disorders.   People who have schizoid personality disorder rarely seek out treatment on their own. It is often only after the condition has severely interrupted multiple areas of a persons life that treatment is sought.   Treatment Schizoid personality disorder can be challenging to treat. Those with the disorder often do not seek treatment and may struggle with psychotherapy because they find it difficult to develop working relationships with a therapist.?? The social isolation that characterizes schizoid personality disorder also makes it difficult to find support and assistance. People with schizoid personality disorder may find it easier to form relationships that center on intellectual, occupational, or recreational pursuits because such relationships do not rely on self-disclosure and emotional intimacy.?? Medications may be used to treat some of the symptoms of schizoid personality disorder such as anxiety and depression. Such medications are usually used in conjunction with other treatment options such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or group therapy. CBT can help people with SPD identify problematic thoughts and behaviors and develop new coping skills. Group therapy may help people practice interpersonal skills. One-on-one therapy can seem intimidating for people with this condition because it requires a great deal of social interaction. Such treatments may be most effective when mental health professionals are careful to avoid pushing too hard and clients are not faced with excessive pressure and emotional demands.?? The Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell? The condition is usually enduring, chronic, and lifelong, but with support and effective treatment, people who live with it can continue to live functional lives. Tips for Living With a Personality Disorder

History of Baseball - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1972 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Sports Essay Level High school Topics: Baseball Essay Did you like this example? Being a game brought to the North Americans by immigrants, it was more than a bat and ball game. To the parents of that era, the term ballplayer was not a career that a kid would have pursued and a parent contends with such an idea. This is because baseball did not entirely have a broad cultural impact as it has had in the recent few years starting from the amount of money the players used to be awarded. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History of Baseball" essay for you Create order Life as a typical ballplayer of the 20th century, however, was not as smooth and this was contributed to by the hardships that the players were going through right from the cheap contracts that were being passed along from team to team in exchange of vital players (Lawrence 51). The life of the players did not have much to do with social purposes as more of what they were seeking for was personal nature. In pursuit of personal nature, many would think that players as young as twenty years old had their minds tormented when deciding to move from a highly prestigious club to play with the boys. To them, it was more of the passion and the purpose they had for the success in their career. They were crazy about baseball (Lawrence 54). Their life was basically revolving around making undecided moves and shutting prestigious doors to seek for passion. Moreover, the life of a ballplayer at that as described in the book the glory of their times was way different than it later came to be. The players did not have a bunch of coaches each with a specialized lie of perfection in baseball but rather it was an old timer professional who had the overall knowledge about the game. It was up to the individuals will to get himself into condition. For Heinie Groh, while he was eighteen years old back in 1908 he almost joined University of Rochester if it was not for the fellow from Oshkosh (Lawrence S. R itter). To him, baseball was an extra option he could have pursued other than education. His scenario, on the other hand, is practically different as a typical baseball player for unlike other players who had the driving force and the platform to practice baseball as a career, he could have chosen to pursue it or pursue education. His parents, on the other hand, had no idea about the sport but later on contributed in to support him. Hank Greenberg, on the other hand, did not have a perfect start in life as a baseball player for the society had him view himself as a gawky kid who was not well coordinated (Lawrence 35). Typically, a ballplayer in the turn of the twentieth century had to work his way through many decisions already set by their parents including having a decent income source that would have rather been some official work but not a career in baseball (Lawrence 14). To rise in baseball meant that the individual had to pursue an uphill task of approaching baseball clubs of the higher league only to be disappointed. Rube Marquard, for instance, had to join the Indianapolis club against the will of his father which seemed to be a rough start for the renowned star who won 23 games with them among other games in the Canton club. Different from Rube Marquard, another ballplayer was Rube Bressler who practically had a significantly different start as other players did. being a seventeen-year-old kid at a railroad shop he had never pitched for any team in his life but later on became the starting pitcher at Connie Macks World Champion Philadelphia Athletics. His start, unlike Marquard, revolved around many pitchers. He entered the professional ranks through a pretty wise mechanism which started by connecting with people he already knew were players in the local teams. Though by the time he talked to Howard Wakefield he was yet to be eighteen, he had his hopes high that he would one day become a big leaguer himself. Having made his way from Cleveland to Waterloo, Marquard was highly determined for the chance which he later did not secure as he had to stay for the weekend for the manager to fully vet his capabilities and award him the contract. Going back home he worked as a casual worker at the ice cream company which he later quit joining the Indianapolis of the American Association. At the Indianapolis, he was optioned for Canton in the central league, won twenty-three games and the next year faced Cleveland team to only win 2-0 and wasnt killed either. The Cleveland team made efforts of signing in Marquard but he declined, a clear indication of how the eighteen-year-old had made progress in th e team. During the American National Leagues off-day, Marquard had the chance of a lifetime having impressed with no hits, no runs, and no errors. The Cleveland club went as high as $10,500 but the Giants went to $11,000 to whom he was sold to. Having reported to the New York Giants the eighteen-year-old had made it to professional ranks. Specs Toporcer, a New York baseball player on the other end had a humble start in life as a ballplayer and this was right from the time he was six years old. Surprisingly enough he started visiting the polo grounds to see the Giants play while he was ten years. This was quite a privilege considering the fact that he was born during the time McGraw was the manager of the team. With his resilience and determination, he did not give up his passion even after his attempt to be included in the school baseball team failed. Putting up with the environment in the training campus required some level of understanding the other persons boundaries. Old timers were rough on rookies (Lawrence 55), the players would get into a hassle with one another in situations that would only yield suspensions and overrated grudges. The kid got in a hassle with Tim which got him suspended for five days with 50 bucks fine. The treatment from the veterans did not only involve physical bullying and manipulation but also involved a lot of cussing. With reference to what happened to George, he was cleared out of the league just because he had an argument with an umpire called Ferguson who threw him out of the game. The ego or superiority in the veterans compromised the success of the rookies and their performance as it would practically be reflected out in the overall performance in the field. On the contrary, attributes displayed by Jimmy Austin (Lawrence 57) while connecting with Branch Rickey tremendously depicts the perfect image of the veteran-rookie relationship defined with common ground rules that promote and maintain respect within the club. Apparently, rookies owed the veterans a great deal despite the fact that they would not in any way make the life of a rookie be to get up to the plate in a batting practice. Among them, McGraw insisted that youngster rookies be subjected to running around the park as many times as possible. Before it would turn out be one big family the veterans didnt openly receive the newbies into the field but they would rather try to keep the plate away until the rookies would personally express their guts and to some extent drive them away instead (Lawrence 77). On the other hand, it was still the role of the same veterans to instill the skills and perfect the capabilities of the fresh minds at the pitch. Rube Bressler having played alongside Eddie Roush had the privilege to be taught the art of perfection in hitters, line drives, yelling for the ball, shifting on different hitters and to also running after a fly. Rube Bressler was mentored by Eddie as improvements right from the first ball he caught as an outfielder are evident from the achievements he made years later. Bob OFarrell was mentored by Mr.Bresnahan who was the very first person to wear shin guards. He taught him how to make a good catch despite the fact that other guys didnt want a rookie to tag himself along and replace one of their buddies. Life off the field for many of the players revolved around family and friends but to much deeper extents the players would link up with their seniors and talk about the good old times. Uncle Robbie, for instance, being a baseball sound minded person and an approachable manager would go for hunting and fishing. At the Dover Hall fishing and hunting place was a place he could talk about Baltimore Orioles and forget about ball game. Lefty ODoul points out that ballplayers dont entirely talk about baseball but would rather be involved in talks about stocks, commercials, bonds, real estate and personal projects that reflect further from the field of baseball. They would also meet at the drugstore and talk about the matches that had the record-breaking pitches and the players who had performed tremendously. This was a culture that was passed on to the generations that were forthcoming and they would be the basis of efficient baseball techniques applicable in the turn of the 20th century and the forthcoming centuries. Among other off-pitch activities were vacations. To Sam Crawford, baseball was a field he viewed full of real individualists whom unlike the sportsmen of the current era they can never be forgotten. He on the other hand preferred reading during the times he was off the pitch. This case was however not the normal routine after years of study due to the moral erosion experienced in the world of bombings and killings that not only compromise the living standards but also baseball has suffered negligence from the society. The sport that once ruled the human operations is played by young children. Life after the filed seemed somehow doomed to those who did not have their career ruined by unwise decisions of club business owners. Harry Hooper later found himself in the club that was owned by a person known as Harry Frazee. His career went south after the owner sold off all of the best men and ended up destroying the entire team. Having been peddled to Chicago for a three-year contract, he did not stay for long but got his contract revoked. He went into the real estate business, coached baseball at Princeton for years but later worked temporarily as a postmaster for 25 years. In 1923 individuals like Joe Wood on the other hand after being a ballplayer for quite some time was offered a job as a coach at Yale for 20 years. The life of ballplayers after the success of their career narrowed down them becoming coaches in schools. Many opted to pursue the fields they would have at first pursued if it was not for the success of their skills in baseball. Though some retired as baseball coaches, many of this veteran chose to remain as family guys in that upon retirement all that they could later do was wake up in the morning and read the papers after which the normal schedule out of the pitch would follow. Davy Jones, for instance, went ahead and started a drug store right before he was done with baseball. In 1915 when he finally decided to end his baseball career he decided to follow the path of pharmacy which he pursued during his free time but later decided to do it as a course that later granted him the chance to pursue drugs as a career until he retired thirty-five years later. For Hunk Greenberg, World War 2 came was the end of his baseball career that he had practiced for close to four years and a half. Hugh Mulcahy was the first baseball player to have joined the armed forces in 1941and did not get back to baseball until 1945 at the prisons annual game.

The Failure Of Heart Failure - 999 Words

The human body requires a supply and demand process within itself to enable nutrients and oxygen to provide homeostasis and metabolic demands throughout each organ system. The most prominent organ effecting this process is the heart, which by using the cardiovascular system supplies every other system throughout the body with the oxygen and nutrients by pumping them throughout the blood. When the demand is not met or the supply is too great it can be considered heart failure. Understandably heart failure is a worrisome term. To think one of your most vital organs is failing and unable to provide what is needed for basic survival is terrifying. However; there are many stages of heart failure that can range from mild to severe. Therefore,†¦show more content†¦Class 2 is classified when a patient has only slight limitations of physical activity but they are comfortable at rest. Class 3 is considered when a patient has marked limitations of physical activity and is broken down into 3A which is when a patient is comfortable at rest or 3B when they have dyspnea at rest. Class 4 is when the patient has symptoms at rest, the patient is unable to perform any physical activity without having discomfort. Stage D is considered Class 4 and is end stage heart disease that requires treatment. Information obtained from Jaski, Brian E. 2015. The 4 Stages of Heart Failure Left-Sided Versus Right-Sided Heart Failure There are two main types of heart failure. Left sided heart failure and right sided heart failure. The left ventricle is the largest chamber of the heart, and is also the most common site that fails in heart failure. When the left ventricle starts to fail it allows the blood that is normally pumped out into the circulatory system to back up into the left atrium due to the weekend left ventricle not pushing all the blood out. This leads to a cascade of events that lead to a backup in the pulmonary system allowing fluid to accumulate in the lungs which in turn causes shortness of breath. Right sided heart failure is less common than left sided heart failure and is usually caused by the problems associated with left sided heart failure over time. When the rightShow MoreRelatedThe Failure Of Heart Failure1517 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Heart failure is one of the leading causes of mortality, both globally and in New Zealand. It is defined as the inability of the heart to meet the bodies metabolic need for oxygen and is characterised by a decrease in cardiac output. The body has many intrinsic mechanisms to attempt to maintain cardiac output, including activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS cascade acts to restore cardiac output by increasing fluid retention, thus increasing blood volume andRead MoreHeart Failures Of Heart Failure782 Words   |  4 Pages Heart failure describes a medical condition when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to the body [85]. While heart failure does not mean the immediate stopping of the heart, it is a serious and fatal condition. A study has found that the 4-year mortality rate for chronic heart failure was 43% for patients with preserved systolic function, and 54% for patients with reduced systolic function [86]. Heart failure is prevalent, wi th about 2-3% of adults worldwide showing signs of heart failureRead MoreThe Failure Of Heart Failure2760 Words   |  12 PagesCongestive heart failure, also called heart failure or CHF, is one of the fastest-growing syndromes in the United States and worldwide. It is a condition with high hospitalization and high mortality rates as well as a compound medical regimen that significantly affects the patient’s lifestyle and that of their family. The term alone, â€Å"heart failure†, is enough to scare the bravest client and cause the rise of numberless concerns and questions. Patients may worry and exclaim, â€Å"Did my heart stop workingRead MoreFailure Of Congestive Heart Failure1262 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Almost every one in the United States knows a person suffering from congestive heart failure. This disease has manifested its way into the lives of so many—the statistics are astounding. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, nearly 5 million people are affected and it is the main reason for hospital admission in older adults over the age of 65. This is a great cause for concern. In order to reduce the morbidity and control this epidemic, we must first understandRead MoreFailure Of Congestive Heart Failure1149 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Congestive Heart Failure is the Inability of the heart to maintain the demands of pumping blood with normal efficiency to other organs, such as the brain, liver, and kidneys (Congestive heart failure, 2008). Without the heart carrying out its functions, all the organs in the body would be deprived of sufficient blood to do its work, the kidney will no longer filter its blood leading to fluid accumulation in areas such as the lungs, liver, legs, and surrounding eye, when thisRead MoreThe Heart Of Heart Failure1167 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans have been diagnosed with heart failure† (Mancini Colombo, 2015, p. 2542). Heart failure is a condition where the heart does not pump as efficiently; therefore, it does not meet the needs of the body. There is a growing number of heart failure patients each year. â€Å"More than 300,000 deaths per year are attributed to heart failure, and the annual cost to manage these patients is close to $40 billion† (Mancini Colombo, 201 5, p. 2542). Since the heart failure population is steadily growingRead MoreCongestive Heart Failure And Failure1389 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Congestive heart failure (CHF), also called chronic heart failure or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) is a clinical condition where heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump the blood as well as the normal heart. The ventricle, also known as main pumping chamber of the heart become larger or thicker which leads to inability to contract or relax as it should. â€Å"There is no universally agreed definition of heart failure (Denolin et al., 1983). It is the consequence of cardiac disease, diagnosisRead MoreFailure Of Congestive Heart Failure2459 Words   |  10 Pagesincreasing frequently (Drug Store News, 1997). Congestive heart failure tends to be more common in the elderly, men, and also African Americans. Congestive heart failure has become the most common cause for current hospital admissions. Among causing prolonged hospital stays congestive heart failure has a very high mortality rate, which has declined since recent medical advancements. So what is congestive heart failure? A simple definition is the heart s inability to pump blood to the rest of the bodyRead MoreFailure And Treatment Of Heart Failure2085 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract: Heart failure affects over 5 million people and carries a high rate of mortality. Ivabradine, a new agent has been added to the current medical options for managing heart failure. It is a selective inhibitor of sino-atrial node and slows its firing rate, prolonging diastolic depolarization without any negative inotropic effects. In 2006, BEAUTIFUL trial evaluated patients with stable coronary artery disease and heart failure and found a significant reduction of coronary events, coronaryRead MoreThe Failure Of Congestive Heart Failure1090 Words   |  5 PagesCongestive heart failure is a chronic condition that is responsible for the highest number of hospitalizations among adults. Readmission rates after hospitalization also remain high, with 50% of patients being readmitted within 6 months of discharge. (Desai Stevenson, 2012). The Affordable Care Act penalizes hospitals with readmissions within 30 days after discharge, making readmissions a focus of hospitals nationwide. Several factors including discharge planning, patient education, diet restrictions

Potential Market Segmentation Free Essays

Since the raw materials are very much available in our country, I have decided to give the product an indigenous image. Sandwood is a kind of talcum powder that provides the consumers with processed sandal mixed talcum powder in bottles. For the marketing purpose of the product I have decided to launch three product lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Potential Market Segmentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Sandwood would be launched in the market at 150 gms. 100 gms. and 50 gms bottle. I have set a reasonable price for the product so that all kinds of people can afford to buy this talcum powder. I have targeted a huge market segment for the product. Bangladesh s a large populated country. Lots of people are looking for such a product. Sandal mixed Talcum Powder are not available all the time. My target market includes health conscious people, women, children many other consumers, which I have segmented from the Demographical, Geographical, Psychographical Behavioral point of view. Product Potrayal: I am a Brand managers of a consumer product in a domestic company. The top management asked me to choose a product to segment the potential market and we choose Talcum Powder. The description of the product is given below. Product: Talcum Powder Brand Name: Sandwood Plastic Bottle Container: Size: Price: 1 50 Grams Taka 100. Product Features: It’s Total skin comfort. Feel better than regular talcum powder. Keep the body fresh for a long time. It has a classic scent. Product Ingredients: Natural sandal, Talc, hydrated magnesium silicate, Scent We choose this very product because normally there are much talcum powder produced for women and many of them have been produced for both male and female but there are very few company that produce women talcum powder and most of them are produced outside Bangladesh. How to cite Potential Market Segmentation, Papers

The Weary Blues and Lenox Avenue Midnight free essay sample

The Weary Blues and Lenox Avenue: Midnight The Weary Blues and Lenox Avenue: Midnight by Longboats Hughes are two poems written as scenes of urban life. Although these poems were written more than seventy years ago, It Is surprising to see some general similarities they share with modern day city life. Deleted down with word play and Irrelevant lines such as And the gods are laughing at us. , the underlying theme Is evidently urban life. The Weary Blues and Lenox Avenue: Midnight approach the general topic of urban life from two different aspects also.The Weary Blues speaks of a person hearing a Negro playing the blues on a piano Down on Lenox Avenue the other night,. The poem is centered around this event, explaining He did a lazy seaways did a lazy sways It seems that Hughes was addressing the common link of Negroes, urban life, and the blues music seventy years ago; quite a different approach than his other work. We will write a custom essay sample on The Weary Blues and Lenox Avenue: Midnight or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lenox Avenue: Midnight, my personal favorite of the two, is more of an outlook on urban life back then, stating that The Rhythm of life/ Is a Jazzy rhythm,.There Is an uneasy connection between urban life Itself and the blues music that was so common during that time In that urban life Itself Is nothing but the blues and that the gods are laughing at us. Lenox Avenue: Midnight Is a more meaningful poem, reaching out to anyone that could relate. In a way it relates to modern day hip-hop in the sense of reaching out to the common people of that culture and time. The Weary Blues on the other hand is more of an observation thing going on in the poem, observing the Negro man laying the blues on his piano.The poems indirectly relate to modern day city life. Instead of the blues, hip-hop has taken its place. For instance, The Weary Blues speaks off Negro man playing the blues over a piano. Nowadays in city life youd instead find an inner city youth of any race freestyles or rapping to a more hip-hop groove. Considering history only repeats Itself, and that every culture progresses off the prior one, these two poems show how city life Is city life, experiencing Its own modern day blues through progression of the last.

pattern of organization Essays

pattern of organization Essays pattern of organization Essay pattern of organization Essay Patterns of Organization Separating supporting points from main ideas is an important reading skill. The organization of the supporting details will help you understand how an author thinks. Detecting the patterns of organization of the major and minor details can help with comprehension and retention. The main idea The thesis or main idea is usually a good predictor of the organization of an essay or paragraph. Main Idea Text Topic sentence Paragraph Thesis Essay Theme Story or Novel Patterns of organization Time Order List of Items Comparison and/or Contrast Cause and Effect Definition and Example Classification Order of Importance Problem Solution Process Mixed Patterns Signal Words Signal words, also known as transitions, are words which indicate the relationship between ideas, and the organization of the details. Also known and chronological order, steps and stages, narration or sequence of events, in this pattern, ideas are presented in the order in which they occurred in time. Questions Answered: When did it happen? In what order did it happen? When Used: Commonly used in anthropology, history, art history and political science. It answers the questions relating to time. Thesis Example: Between now and the election, the candidate will make a umber of campaign stops throughout the U. S. Time order signal words first, third ; next; then; finally; eventually; following this I ne ramous Leaning lower 0T Pisa nas Deen tlltlng Tor over years, ana recent improvements should allow it to continue tilting for another 300 more. On August 9, 1173, construction began on this well known Italian 1173 bell tower. Almost immediately, it began leaning because it was being immediately erected on the soft silt of a buried riverbed. Between 1178 and 1360, work 1360 stopped and started two more times as workers tried to continue the project and gure out how to compensate for the tilt. Over the next six centuries, the centuries towers lean continued to increase, although tourists were still allowed to visit. Then, in 1990, Italys prime minister feared the tower would collapse 1990 and closed it to the public. From 1999 to 2001, engineers excavated soil 2001 from beneath the tower. Now, the tower still leans out about 15 feet beyond Now its base, but it should remain stable for several more centuries. Covington, Richard (2001) Smithsonian. The Leaning Tower Straightens Up, p41-47 Also known as listing, series, addition and enumeration, the information isted may be items, facts, reasons, examples, features or characteristics. What examples support the main idea? What proof is there? Commonly used in history, art history, the social sciences and political science. It answers the questions regarding the appropriate proof, back-up or support. Managers experience a number of different personnel problems that must be solved before a department can work effectively. List of items signal words And, too, in addition, moreover, or, also, furthermore, as well as, plus, in fact, moreover, besides Many modern people are turning themselves into social victims. One example is a Tennessee woman who is suing McDonalds because she was badly burned on the chin by a hot pickle in her namourger. A cana01an woman Is anotner example. example She wants to ban the South Park television show because her son Kenny is victimized by the shows Kenny character, who is killed in each episode. A third example is a group of European and Australian women who want to ban urinals in mens restrooms because the require men to stand in a way that suggests violence toward women. Another group argues that single people are victimized because society ignores them. Leo, John. (2000) U. S. News and World Report. Victims of the Year, p24 Comparison and/or Contrast The material is organized to emphasize the similarities and/or differences between two or more items or topics . Readings answer the questions: How are two items similar? How are two items different? When Used: All Disciplines The items being considered usually fit into the same general category. Gangs and fraternities share many characteristics, but are quite different. comparison means what things have in common how items or concepts are alike the similarities between elements or ideas contrast means the differences between items or oncepts how things are not alike distinctions between elements Comparison and contrast sign al words Similarly, like, the same as, compared to, in the same way, likewise but, yet, on the other hand, however, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary My two children are so different that it surprises me every day. For one thing, my older child is a girl, and my younger child is a boy. My daughter loves reading, going to the movies, and writing in her Journal. My son, on the other hand, loves running, Jumping, and swimming- hand anything that requires using energy. My daughter loves all ifferent kinds of foods, but my son likes to eat only pizza. And while my son cant go a day without watching some kind of sporting event on television, my daughter will only watch a baseball game if nothing else is on. Adapted from O Magazine, (2001) Set Yourself Free, p37. This pattern describes or discusses an event or action that is caused by another event or action. On occasion, this pattern is also referred to as result. Why did something happen? What were the results of a particular event? Thesis Example: Research has shown that birth defects have various causes. Cause and effect signal words Decause, Tor tnls reason, Oue to, cause, on account of, if this, then this as a result, since, consequently, therefore, thus, in effect, resulting, and the outcome is There are four possible causeeffect relationships: single cause single effect single cause multiple effects multiple causes single effect multiple causes multiple effects Smoking is the single most preventable risk factor for fatal illnesses in the United States. Indeed, cigarette smoking accounts for more deaths than all other drugs, car accidents, suicides, homicides, and fires combined. Further, nonsmokers who inhale moke from other peoples cigarettes face an elevated risk for lung cancer and other illnesses related to the lungs, a fact that has given rise to a nonsmokers rights movement in the United States. Bernstein, et al. (1999) Psychology, p473 Definition and Example This pattern is found primarily in textbooks; a word or concept is introduced then explained or described. An example of its usage then follows. The pattern is very close to illustration or description. Readings answer the question: What it? All Disciplines Terms are often in boldface print with the definit ion in the body of the text, in the margin, and in a lossary at tne ena 0T tne text Thesis Example: Ragtime music is a style that developed at the turn of the twentieth century. Played primarily by piano, the Rocking Horse Rag is an excellent short sample of ragtime. Definition and example define as, is, known, the term means, is stated as, is used to mean for example, to illustrate, for instance, such as, specifically i. e. , e. g. A definition and example has three components: key term (often boldfaced, underlined or in italics) definition Acrophobia is an intense, unreasonable fear of high places. People with acrophobia exhibit emotional places nd physical symptoms in response to being at great heights. For instance, one sufferer of extreme instance acrophobia, Andrea Copeland, is unable to go above the third floor of any building without feeling enormous anxiety. Her acrophobia began one evening when she was working alone in her office on the eighth floor of a large building. Suddenly she was struck with terror. She gathered her things and left the building, Yet, she still has no rational explanation for her fear, which is also typical of this type of phobia. I nls pattern Is also wlaely usea textbooks; classification, also known as division or categorization, ivides a topic into parts that are based on shared or common characteristics. How do the parts work with the whole? Ex: What part does an editor play in the publication of a magazine? Thesis Examples: There are many people involved in the publishing ofa magazine. Classification signal words Categories, classifications, groups, classes, ways, elements, features, kinds, types, varieties, methods The Ordovician 505 to 440 Million Years Ago The Ordovician period began approximately 510 million years ago, with the end of the Cambrian, and ended around 445 million years ago, with the beginning of the Silurian. The Ordovician is classified into three parts: late, middle, and early. There are two groups in each part. In the late part, Ashgillian and Caradocian. In the middle part there are the Llandeilian and Llanvirnian. The early part is made of the Arenigian and Tremadocian groups. Classification is often accompanied by a graphic or visual aid to nelp clarlTy tn categories. The chart at right shows the major subdivisions of the Ordovician Period. Order of Importance In this pattern the information is given either from the least important feature to the most important, or from the most important important to the least important. This attern is also known as hierarchical or chain of command. Which point is the most/least important? Which element is crucial? When Used: The sciences, particularly in laboratory texts and experiments. Thesis Example: While the most basic need is physiological, workers aspire to self-actualization as their most valued need. Order of importance central, principal, chief, major, main, key, primary, significant finally, lastly, finishing with, ending with, least Almost everyone in the United States files a tax ret urn. There are several things that should be done during the year, beginning with the most basic and fundamental; eep copies of the tax return, W-2 fundamental statement and 1099 forms. It is also wise to keep seven years worth of documentation in files, Just in case there is an audit. Keep and compare figures on tax return to the Social Security statement. Also, retain a record of yearly medical expenses. But all of this is dependent of one crucial act. It is supremely important to Keep all permanent records storeo In an ImpregnaDle place, sucn strongbox. Problem and Solution The text presents a significant problem and explains it in detail. Then, a possible solution is proposed. Sometimes, only the problem is resented because there is no solution. What is the problem? What is a possible solution? When Used: Often in essays and editorials The items being considered usually fit into the same general category. Thesis example: Since pollution has a detrimental impact on modern living standards, a key solution is increased recycling of waste products. Problem and Solution signal words problem, need, difficulty, dilemma, enigma, challenge, issue answer, propose, sugges t, indicate, solve, resolve, improve, plan, respond to a need The growth of urban areas exacerbated many problems, problems as a TlreprooT ncluding the absence of clean drinking water, the lack of cheap public transportation, and most importantly, poor sanitation. Sanitation problems led to heavy urban mortality rates and frequent epidemics of typhoid, dysentery, typhus, cholera, and yellow fever. Government officials, recognizing the need for improvement, initiated the return to suburban and rural areas. The proposal involved several cost effective solutions. Local solutions village water delivery systems were improved, and as villages were substantially smaller, almost everything was in walking distance, thereby eliminating the need for public transportation.

6,399,322 Ways to Get More Social Media Engagement [PODCAST]

6,399,322 Ways to Get More Social Media Engagement [PODCAST] Have you had the frustrating experience of sending out social media posts only to receive no engagement whatsoever? Most marketers have had this happen, and some have it happen frequently. Today we’re going to be talking to ’s own Nathan Ellering. He’s the head of demand generation here at , and he has conducted a study that allows him to predict how well a particular post will do on any social media platform. Do you want to increase your social media engagement? If so, you won’t want to miss today’s show. Some of the highlights of this episode include: The scoop on and what it is Nathan does here as the head of demand generation. Nathan also shares how big the demand generation team is. Why Nathan took on his research project on which social media posts tend to do well on which platforms and how he evaluated different standards of performance. How the demand generation team uses data to do what works, over and over again. How Nathan went from having massive pile of data to putting it all into motion to work for . Why marketers should focus on content before mechanics. Hints on where to get the inspiration needed to create great content. Nathan explains methods such as PAS (problem-agitate-solve), bridge after bridge, AIDA (attention, interest, desire, action), and the 4 Cs (clear, concise, compelling, credibility). How to use closed-ended questions, controversy, anecdotes, and quotes on social media for maximum engagement. Specific strategies for finding success on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, LinkedIn, and Google+. Nathan’s very best advice on leveling up your social media skills.

International Monetary Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Monetary Economy - Assignment Example PPP and the exchange rate are almost similar, 1 and 1.33. This shows that the value of the Canadian is almost equal to the American dollar. This shows that the Canadian consumers and the American consumers have an equal PPP with their respective currencies. The exchange rate will be stable. PPP= Price in Denmark/Price in U.S=8.08. Comparing the PPP and the exchange rate between Denmark and America is 5.82. The value of the Canadian dollar is undervalued. The Canadian consumers have a loss of the PPP relative to the American consumers. The exchange rate will increase. iTunes price in U.S is 0.99 compared to the price in Euro of 0.99. The PPP between the two countries is 1. The exchange rate between U.S and Euro is $1=0.78 pounds. The value of Euro pound is almost equal with value of the American pound. The Euro and American consumers have almost equal PPP with their respective currencies. The exchange rate between the two countries will be constant (Tanzi and Gupta 145). iTunes price in U.S is 0.99 compared to the price in Japan’s 200 Yen. The PPP between the two nations is 202. The exchange rate of the Japanese Yen compared to the American dollar of 112. There is a loss of PPP of the Japanese consumers relative to the U.S consumers. The exchange rate will increase. iTune price in U.S is 0.99 compared to the price of the iTunes in Sweden of SKr is 9. The PPP of the two countries is 9.10. The PPP of the two countries is almost similar, but not exact. The Sweden consumers and the American consumer have an equal PPP with their respective currencies. However, the exchange will increase between the two countries. iTunes price in U.S is 0.99 compared to the price of the iTune prices in Switzerland SKr is 1.50. The PPP of the two countries is 1.52. The PPP of the two countries is almost similar, but not equal. The exchange rate of the two countries will remain as1.21 or slightly high. iTunes

Political scandals and media (Moshe Katsav scandal) Research Paper

Political scandals and media (Moshe Katsav scandal) - Research Paper Example The researcher will then move into analyzing how the media covered this scandal. This paper will then give a comparison of the media coverage of political scandals in other democratic countries, such as France, US, UK, Italy, and Germany. The researcher will then identify the actions that the government took during this period, and the reasons, after which the researcher will give some resolutions on how the government would have made this situation better. Moshe Katzav is an Israeli politician, and he was born in 1945, December. The country of the birth of Moshe Katzav is Iran, but he travelled to Israel in 1951, and lived under an immigrant tent. Mose Katzav was the first born in his family that comprised of eight children. Mose Katzav is a highly educated individual, holding a post graduate qualification from the University of Hebrew (East and Thomas, 2003). At the age of 24 years, Mose Katzav married Gila Katzav, and together they have produced five children. In the same year, he was able to join the Likud party, and there after becoming a mayor of Kiryat Mal’akhi. In 1977, Moshe Katzav become a member of the Knesset, and in 2000, he became the president of Israel, holding office between 2000, to 2007. It is important to understand that Moshe Katzav was the 8th president of Israel. It is important to understand that Israel has a president, who is ceremonial in nature and a prime ministers who holds executive power in Israel (East and Thomas, 2003). The governance structure of Israel is democratic in nature. It is important to denote that the prime minister of Israel is elected by Knesset, and it is this institution that holds legislative power in Israel (East and Thomas, 2003). Israel is one of the few countries in the world that does not have a constitution, but it relies on basic laws, initiated by Knesset for governance. On this basis, the Knesset is a very important institution in Israel, since it determines the

Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in Theory and Practice Essay -- Macbeth essay

Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in Theory and Practice    Shakespeare's Macbeth has been the subject of scholarly research in terms of ambition, politics, and sexuality. The most predominant analysis is that of the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. This relationship in theory is full of sexual innuendo, maternal power, gender transgression, and violence. In reading multiple essays on the psychological nature of the relationship one question came to mind: to what extent are the characters aware of the psychological effect they have on each other in performance? In contrast to the various essays by literary scholars, Sinead Cusack wrote with Carol Rutter in Shakespeare's Late Tragedies about her process in preparing for the role of Lady Macbeth for the Royal Shakespeare Company. Although her choices are not the only choices that can be made by an actor in that role, her experience contrasted the theoretical models written by so many scholars. Her relationship with Macbeth was real, not a theoretical analysis of the psychological effect the characters have on one another. Through her written process and the analysis of the scholars mentioned above I will outline the dichotomy between theory and performance and the relationship between Macbeth and his Lady.    Lady Macbeth and the Witches Jane Adelman summarizes the psychoanalytic interpretation of the relationship between Lady Macbeth and the Witches (ibid 140). Lady Macbeth and the Witches signify for Macbeth the role of both temptress and mother, an issue that will be explored more fully below. Adelman claims that the Witches tempt Macbeth on the cosmic plain, whereas Lady Macbeth tempts him on the psychological plain (ibid 139). All of the female figures r... ...ber, Marjorie. "Macbeth: The Male Medusa." Shakespeare's Late Tragedies, ed. Susan L. Wofford. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1996, 74-103. Keirnan, Victor. Eight Tragedies of Shakespeare: A Marxist Study. London, NY: Verso, 1996. Nelson, T.A. ENGL 533 lecture February 18, 1999. Rutter, Carol and Sinead Cusack. "Lady Macbeth's Barren Sceptre." Shakespeare's Late Tragedies, ed. Susan L. Wofford. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pretnice-Hall, Inc. 1996, 119-133. Stallybrass, Peter. "Macbeth and Witchcraft." Shakespeare's Late Tragedies, ed. Susan L. Wofford. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc. 1996, 104-118. Staunton, Howard, ed. The Globe Illustrated Shakespeare. New York:   Gramercy Books, 1979. Watson, Robert N. Shakespeare and the Hazards of Ambition. Cambidge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984

Environmental Concerns In India Environmental Sciences Essay

The importance of environment has been recognized in India since long. This is besides reflected in our fundamental law where in it is stated that it shall be the responsibility of every citizen to protect and better the natural environment including forest, lakes, rivers, wild life and to hold compassion for all life animals. Harmonizing to national policy of instruction, † there is a paramount demand to make a consciousness of environment it must pervade all ages and all subdivisions of the society, get downing with the kid, environmental consciousness shold inform instruction in schools and colleges. This aspect be integrated in full educational procedure † . 2. Electrical engineering in India has percolated to all facets of instruction including primary, secondary and third instruction through formal and informal systems of instruction. It has the mark population that include pupils, instructors, physicians, applied scientists and even common people. 3. in India there is a broad web of EE. There are 10 universities which teach environmental scientific disciplines. University instruction has three major constituents, viz. instruction, research and extension. A assortment of attacks have been used for EE which include legislative attempts, course of study based attack that goes with formal system and informal attacks through cantonments, seminars and mass media. Role Of Media In Creating Environmental Awareness 4. Mass media with its range and influential capacity extremely possible instrument for educating the populace and thereby alter the people ‘s mentality. The 4th basic demand of human existences seriously performs these three of import maps information, instruction and persuasion. Armed with its alone power to make an countless figure of audiences at the same instant film editing across geographical barriers there is no other system like it which can successfully perforate the grass roots degree of society. 5. Media Literacy. Mass media has the power to transform the lives of people by authorising them in so many diverse ways. Information and cognition from a assortment of beginnings work towards this terminal. And it should play this function to the optimum. This farther entails ‘media instruction ‘ on a big graduated table which needs to turn to aspect like- how to understand the medium, appreciate it, its strengths and failings, who controls it what is the doctrine, policy of the medium, how to sift good from bad, how to take part in the media etc. This is because the demand for understanding the medium has ne'er been so of import. In such a scenario it plays the function of a ‘great Jesus ‘ as it provides a platform for mass instruction, amusement and thereby persuasion. In fact it can besides be termed as an ‘informal university ‘ for any society for its function in steering messages of importance to the multitudes. 6. The Big Challenge. Now the most of import inquiry is how to turn to such a large population for making environmental consciousness amongst them. This is where the public-service corporation of the mass media comes in ready to hand for the large challenge. Bing a mass communicating academic and with experiences in print every bit good as electronic media ( Radio News Services to be precise ) we would wish to restrict ourselves within the parametric quantities of mass media instead than traveling into the proficient inside informations of the subject under treatment. 7. Media Concern about the cause. Now, have we taken any effectual and practical stairss for using such a extremely possible vehicle with its built-in ability to make the multitudes with messages of environmental consciousness in a convenient mode. The reply will be negative. Of class, some attempts are decidedly at that place but they are barely sufficient in position of the outrageousness of the job. 8. In print media most of the newspapers, diaries or magazines barely devote any serous through towards this facet and whatever is there is given in an inexpert manner. Further as about half of the population is illiterate the print media has its ain restriction. Again, like overseas telegram Television, print media in our state is till day of the month more of an urban and semi urban phenomenon instead than convey a rural 1. This explains the other restriction of the medium as an effectual mass medium. 9. Radio: The Right Vehicle. But the medium on which we can bank upon for making environmental consciousness at nowadays is Radio. This true mass medium ignored by people to a large extent has an huge potency to play the function of being a accelerator in efficaciously making environmental consciousness among the people. Let us analyse the ways and means how this can be possible. A really important recent development in the Indian Radio has been the displacement towards using the immense range of Community Radio ( CR ) . The thought is to make the multitudes and consequence a definite alteration in their batch thrown unfastened by this new phenomenon. 10. The CR construct is about â€Å" making something for its ain benefit by the community † . Owning every bit good as commanding its ain agencies of mass communicating is a premier factor in this procedure. The purposes and aims of the CR channels include saving of their civilization and linguistic communications, make such communicating available to the members of the community and the people desired to be affected by it, launch promotion or consciousness making runs for the benefit of the community and the populace at big. So, what else can be a more utile tool the CR construct for accomplishing our intent. 11. By the way, the aim of the Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting ( MIB ) is to promote front line establishment of higher instruction in different Fieldss for get downing such channels and take up the cause of promotion of the local community. They are besides expected to place and analyse the local issues, job and hunt for possible solutions. So, environmental consciousness can be one of the premier dockets for them. As educational establishments are being encouraged by the MIB for puting up such Stationss this would besides function the intent of planing seamster made message and plans associating to environmental protection for the community. Bing an ideal participatory medium this would heighten the consequence besides higher grade. The MIB visualizes publishing licence to about 1000 such establishments which is a good mark for us. 12. FM Phenomenon. The FM manner of Radio transmittal is going in the thing today. It is a much preferred medium by the multitudes due to its better voice quality and stereo like response Get downing with a few station in 1993 by leting private FM station, late the MIB floated for auctioning 336 FM Stationss al over the state. Out of these, Approximately hundred are set aside for Indira Gandhi National Open University ‘s ( IGNOU ) Gyan Vani programme and other educational establishments. The Gyan Vaniprogramme is an attempt of IGNOU for spreadingits educational programmes throughout the state with a web of about 100 Stationss in the close hereafter. We believe these should be ideal vehicles for taking the messages of environmental concerns to the multitudes in the existent sense of the term. 13. Lacunae. We have talked about using the huge potency of mass media for spread outing the cause of environmental concerns. In this connexion there is an express demand for integrating the topic in the course of study of classs of survey in Journalism and Mass Communication in the universities. Like we have said earlier, this facet has besides non received the attending it should hold been given really, for covering with the distressing state of affairs. Of class. Quite a few universities might be holding specialisations in the topic as portion of their classs of mass communicating. But most of the other such establishments barely have anything like that. But we do steadfastly believe that unless this facet is made a portion of the general class course of study, our intent would non be solved at all. This is a premier necessity for accomplishing entire literacy in the field of environmental consciousness. At the same clip it should besides be kept in head that there can be no alter nate than utilizing the mass media vehicles for distributing consciousness about environmental issues. This is because this manner of communicating gives us a convenient tool for turn toing the on a big graduated table which no other system can present. Stairss Which Have Been Taken By The Govt 14. Depletion of the ozone bed, â€Å" the increasing species extinction, disposal of toxic and atomic wastes in the vulnerable countries of the planet, the ‘loss of woods and of cultivable dirt at an dismaying rate are a few of the many planetary environmental alteration that will impact the endurance of the present and future coevals † As it has been said, we do non inherit the environment from our sires, we borrow it from future coevalss. Each person ‘s life today depends on the public presentation of many other persons. For illustration, sloppiness in welding or in care in a atomic reactor or chemical works could kill 1000s and 100s of 1000 of people non merely in the works and its locality but even at a considerable distance off from it. Similarly a truck driver or a rail, route applied scientist could do aggregate deceases and environmental devastation through sloppiness while transporting unsafe wastes from chemical workss or a atomic reactor. The opportunit y of serious accidents that could pass over our homo, animate being and works life and destruct the environment have steadily increased. An pressing demand for collaborative action on a planetary degree has long been felt. 15. In 1972, representatives of 113 World Governments assembled in Stockholm to take part in the United Nations Conference on Human Environment. The Stockholm conference proclaimed that: â€Å" The protection and betterment of human environment is a major issue which affect the wellbeing of people and economic development throughout the universe and it is the responsibility of all authorities and people to exercise common attempt for the saving and betterment of human environment for the benefit of all people and their descendants † . 16. Many states have hence introduced control mechanisms to discourage and penalize the endeavors go againsting the environment. They have enacted particular condemnable Torahs or amended their penal codifications by making new condemnable Torahs in order to prosecute the most crying wrongdoers through the condemnable prosecution system. The Nipponese jurisprudence for the penalty of offenses associating to environmental pollution was the first such measure. Penal codifications of the Federal Republic of Germany German Democratic Republic ( as it so was ) Hungary, Portugal, Spain and Brazil, shortly followed. States that do non lawfully distinguish between regulative offenses and offenses, such as Canada and the United States, have created new ordinances related to offenses covering with crying misdemeanor and provided stiff penalty with mulcts and prison sentence to lawbreakers. 17. India was the first state to enforce a fundamental law duty on the State and citizens to protect and better the environment as one of the primary responsibilities. Article 48-A of the Indian Constitution provides: â€Å" The province shall endeavour to protect and better the environment and to safeguard wood and wildlife of the state. † 18. Article 51-A provides: â€Å" It shall be the responsibility of every citizen of Indian to protect and better the natural environment including woods lakes, rivers and wildlife and to hold compassion for life animals. † 19. Thus the Constitution of Indian has proviso to do environment statute laws, province and the coincident lists of topics on which Parliament and State Legislature are empowered to pass noise control, land betterment, irrigation, town planning, slum clearance, lodging strategies, pest control, smoke control, H2O pollution, woods, wildlife, diversion etc. Consequently, Torahs have been enacted on some of the topic, The Factories Act.1948. The Insecticides Act,1968. The Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974. The air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) 1981. The Forest ( Conservation ) Act,1980. The Wildlife ( Protection ) Act, 1972. The Environment ( Protection ) Act, 1986. 20. Environmental Torahs trade with the job of pollution by a set of regulations under civil wrong jurisprudence as nuisance, carelessness and liability. If you are affected by toxicant exhausts coming from a adjacent industrial unit, or if you are invariably bothered by intolerable noise in the vicinity, or makes your life mineable, interferes with your leisure activities, or makes your life suffering, for case, by maintaining things or animate being in this courtyard which give out errant neighbour wage for his violative behavior, under the civil wrong jurisprudence of nuisance. The tribunal, of class will make a spot of reconciliation of involvements ; see the legality or other wise of the action and the sensible and unreasonable impact on the victim before publishing an injunction followed by the award of amendss. 21. Under the Indian Penal Code ( IPC ) , which codifies the common jurisprudence construct of carelessness, if person commits an act or skip which cause to injury anther the first individual is considered guilty of an improper and negligent act. Pollution of H2O of public spring or a public spring reservoir as to render it unfit for human ingestion is made a condemnable offense under Section 277 of the IPC. Negligent behavior with regard to toxicant substances jeopardizing human life of likely to do hurt is a condemnable offense under subdivision 284. The Union Carbide of Indian could hold been held guilty under this subdivision for doing the Bhopal gas These and other subdivision under the IPC and the Criminal Procedure Code contain a figure of commissariats that could be used to battle pollution of land and air. 22. Most of the components of the environment, like land H2O, forest, etc. are under the horizon of the provinces. For a assortment of grounds, chiefly the provinces are non normally in a place to take effectual action against pollution, or in advancing environmentally sound direction schemes for preservation and development of these resources. It has therefore become necessary for the Union Government to step in when the said resource are threatened with serious depletion. The province of H2O pollution and forest resource depletion and pollution of the air in Indian is such that the Union Government had to originate a series of steps to collar the harm done to these resource two commissariats in the Constitution came ready to hand to the Union for this intent. The first commissariats is Article 242 under which the Union is empowered to go through statute law on affairs mentioned in the province list if so requested by two or more provinces. The Union Government utilized the commissa riats to go through assorted Acts in order to protect the population, present every bit good as the hereafter coevalss, and the environment from what appears to be grim move towards suicide.The Environment ( Protection ) Act22. The Environment ( protection ) Act was passed by the Parliament on 23rd May 1986. The Act refers to the Stockholm Conference of 1972 and is based on Article 253 of the Conference. By virtuousness of this Act, the Union Government has armed itself with considerable powers deemed necessary for the bar, control and suspension of environment of environmental pollution The power include, coordination of action by provinces be aftering and executing of countrywide programmes, puting down environmental quality criterions specially those regulating emanation or discharge of environmental pollutants, puting restrictionries and the location of industries and so on. The powers claimed are so comprehension of environmental accidents, research review of fouling units, con stitution of research labs, airing of information, etc. A whole set of administrative processs and stuctures are envisaged under the act. If implemented in missive and spirit the act will change over the Ministry of Environment and Forests into a ace ministry commanding the full gamut of industrial and other developmental activities. A fearful attitude in the enforcement of this Act could take merely to environmental window-dressing of Acts passed by the Government.Drawbacks in Environmental Legislation23. Legislation is frequently non perfect. There are assorted drawbacks in the Acts enacted in relation to environment. Forest constitute a critical resource of the state. It is a scientifically established fact that the forest screens should be at least 1/3 of the land country for a healthy provinces of environment. Vegetation generates O. Trees hold the dirt together and in Indian the woods provide support to 1000000s of tribal and villagers populating in and around woods. Experts a nd the mass media have brought to the attending of the decision-makers and the populace at big, the fact that the forest screen of the state has been quickly shriveling. Some estimations put the per centum coverage at non more than 12 per cent of the land country. Fuel starved villagers, greedy forest contractors and corrupt functionaries are the proved perpetrators. 24. Some clip back, the Government came up with a well significance but potentially Draconian Forest Bill. There was virtually uproar against the Bill.-principally on two evidences. One, That the Bill would do felons of all tribal life in and off the woods, because it prohibits the pickings of all the green goods, including foliages and fruits from the woods. Two the proposed Bill converted forest officer into Judgess and executioners at the same clip. The measure failed to pull public support because it adopted an oppressive colonial theoretical account of jurisprudence. 25. Troubles in Enforcement of Environmental Legislation. Besides holding legislative activity the province of the environment in India continues to be glooming. The rivers and the lakes continue to be choked with sewerage and industrial waste. The air quality in same major metropoliss has gained the doubtful differentiation of being worse than that of the American metropoliss like Chicago and New York. Forest continue to vanish, and the attendant loss of dirt has led to the flagellum of inundations with disgusting regularity. What can the state do to change by reversal the procedure and reconstruct a balanced province of the environment? 26. There is nil basically incorrect with out-of-court colony of environmental differences. In fact, in same developed states like the United States, a penchant is shown towards such a process. But in India, officially initiate and sanctioned out of tribunal colony may worsen the perennial job of corruptness. Sharing the costs of anti-pollution steps taken by the industry seems to be better scheme than state-sponsored expensive and drawn-out prosecutions. 27. The educational establishments should play an of import function in eliciting civic consciousness for suspension of environmental pollution by guaranting that every citizen is knowing plenty about the environment to take an intelligent involvement in pollution jobs. For this EE should be made an indispensable portion of the course of study in educational system. Research workers should be encouraged and sponsored by the educational establishments and the authorities. Particularly, in the field of Adult Education, an of import topographic point must be given to the environmental issues. Man himself due to the deficiency of cognition or carelessness creates environmental job. EE should be a portion of grownup instruction to unwrap the planetary job to the populace, and aid to protect his environment. Hence, the present survey was undertaken to happen out the extent of cognition possessed by the rural grownups in environmental facets like air pollution, H2O due to dikes and mines, l and pollution, energy crisis, afforestation, pollution environmental sanitation, nutrient issues and environmental statute law and to happen out their attributed demand for educating themselves in the facets associating to environmental issues Chapter VI: Consequence OF RECOMMENDED MEASURES ON THE DEVELOPMENT INDEX 1. In the old chapters we have seen how over development and over ingestion has resulted in debasement of environment which has adversely affected the rate of economic development. It is observed that fouling the planet has been a profitable concern to transnational corporations. Harmonizing to a recent WWF study, if we maintain the current degree of ingestion, the Earth resources will be exhausted within coming 50 old ages. From the undermentioned projections we can hold a just thought sing the growing of international trade after constitution of the World Trade Organization. The aim is to research the impact of WTO on environment and to happen the roots of the environmental consciousness and its related accounting, scrutinizing and application countries. There is a turning concern that an economic growing scheme which seeks to be both inclusive and sustainable should incorporate clime alteration effects in order to guarantee that the long term effects of the eco development are non damaging to human good being. 2. The govt has taken assorted steps and stairss to rid of the losingss to our natural resources but they have been found to be unequal. There is ample range for research and development which focuses on the precedences of the Indian economic system. Since instruction is a tool no plan can be a success without taking certain stairss in the field of instruction. Though the same has been done by the govt but there is still a batch to be done every bit far as including EE into the formal construction of our instruction. 3. In this chapter we shall see the effects of these stairss on the consuming natural resources. As the stairss taken by Indian Govt are at a nascent phase their impacts are besides non much visible, nevertheless universe over has identified this job and more outstanding steps are being taken. An accounting system has been made by the UN to cipher assorted things i.e. natural resource plus history etc. During the last decennary few enchiridions and a package were developed by the UN which assisted in ciphering the inauspicious affects of a peculiar industry or house on the environmental debasement. This is known as green accounting based on which licences are being given to new workss. 4. Requirement of Green Accounting and Audit. The Environmental Management System ( EMS ) calls for acceptance of certain mechanism, i.e. , budgeting, investing assessment, bing, duty accounting, public presentation assessment and green coverage. There has been a turning consciousness to include environmental histories with the fiscal statements. Guidelines in different signifiers are given in BS 7750. EMAS and ISO 14000 series of criterions Uniformity is absolutely needed in Environmental Accounting Mechanism that may be followed by every state of this Global Village. It is observed that SEEA can supply the slightly common model both for developing and developed states. It is really hard to maintain path with the outgo for environmental protection activities as the production procedure or techniques are invariably altering to maintain being in the cutthroat completion of the boundary-less concern universe. 5. The Green Accounting has got some definite stairss to travel through which may be arranged as follows: Formation of multidisciplinary squad to place range and graduated table of the green accounting. Designation of green costs. Quantification of green costs. Allotment of green costs to the cost centres. Incorporation of green costs on cost accounting system. Execution of green cost auditing system. 6. Designation and tracking green costs may non be found as an easy undertaking to make. Many of its constituents are lying hidden in overhead costs. So it is really hard to apportion those elements to respective procedure, merchandise and distribution system. Largely such allotments are done on the footing of premises. In footings of scientific grounds of clime alteration, there is a sensible consensus on the deductions for India. The projected rainfall alterations, rise in temperature, rise in sea degree, inundations and drouths. This is traveling to do decrease in degree of production, deduction for the coastal support and last but non the least ingestion of a house clasp or an single can fall below some socially recognized norms. All this implies that clime alteration is likely to impact India ‘s economic growing through its impacts on resources, particularly H2O resources, woods and coastal lands. Agricultural end product and substructure are likely to be adversely affecte d and would impact the support of the people populating in vulnerable countries like coastal countries. Resources will necessitate to be invested in battling extra beginnings of menaces originating from specific catastrophe – related impacts such as those on wellness and imbibing H2O. 7. India has set up a National Council on Climate Change to advice on scheme for economic development that takes into history planetary heating and sustainable development. An inititive named as Green India to change over six million hectares of debauched wood land into green countries. Stairss have been taken to forestall thaw of the glacier. Another country of concern is Energy Security and the same has been identified by the state. Positive stairss has been taken to prosecute with others on an international degree to turn to this issue. 8. India has focused in the last decennary on the economic growing scheme of extenuation and version. Extenuation is considered to be really of import for sustainable development as it tries to cut down the load on natural resources by taking stairss like preservation, re-afforestation and energy efficiency. This besides focuses on cut downing the GHGs emanations. Adaptation on the other manus, implies steps and policy responses to cut down the possible impacts caused by clime alteration. Adaptation schemes are besides called as header schemes. Increasingly, impact assessment research for clime alteration has become orientated towards exposure appraisal, with a corresponding emphasis on version schemes in the underdeveloped universe. 9. The statistical information shows a changeless diminution in agricultural production in last few decennaries but due to self realisation as a state and after taking some initial stairss the records show an addition in agricultural production in the last decennary i.e. from 2001 – 2011 as compared to the old decennary. However the wellness section has been confronting extra emphasis due to lifting temperatures and altered H2O handiness which had deductions on the wellness position of the people. Another of import thing which has impacted the growing of the state is interstate animuss on sharing of resources – both financial and physical – such as H2O. It has resulted in switching the focal point of the govt from development to resolution of the internal security jobs therefore blowing the energies and resources. 10. Impact On India ‘s Bilateral Relations With Neighbouring Countries. The clime crisis in south Asia, a preponderantly agro – cultural part with a big population dependant on subsistence agribusiness has created profound challenges. The impact of clime alteration on H2O resources and nutrient bring forthing capableness is on an addition and it in bend affects the support and economic activities. Another of import set of societal impacts ensuing from clime alteration in south Asia is the supplanting of big figure of people to inland districts as a effect of rise in sea degree. ( a ) Bangldesh. India and Bangladesh portion the longest land boundary in south Asia. Given the societal, political and economic conditions in Bangladesh, it would non be hard to reason that migration to India is improbable to diminish therefore ensuing in an existent addition in population. However there is no information available to back up the fact as to how many migrators are due to climate alteration but there is no denying the fact that this alone is a major cause of such a big graduated table migration. Another job which has non been addressed by the stairss taken by Indian govt is that of trans boundary rivers. A survey carried out this topic shows no effects on these jobs by the stairss taken by the govt. ( B ) Mayanmar. With an addition in natural catastrophes and the impact of clime alteration, the figure of migrators from Myanmar into India has increased several-fold therefore doing extra jobs of security and drug trafficking. ( degree Celsius ) Pakistan. The major concern for Pakistan is the acute deficit of H2O and that has remained an issue of difference over last many old ages and has non got resolved by any steps taken by the govt. ( vitamin D ) Most of the neighbouring states either island provinces or land locked provinces have been a cause of illegal migration and therefore consequences in jobs like internal security, drug trafficking and an addition in population which is dependent on our state for its endurance. 11. Impact On Warfighting Capability. With the deficiency of consciousness about the topic and due to that depletion of natural resources clime alteration has posed a serious menace on the war contending capableness of the state. With the meltdown of glaciers i.e. of Himalayas and Siachin jobs like break of communicating, brassy inundations, decrease in the figure of house and degree dropping zones/ helipads and thaw of heavy weapon gun platforms asking frequent redisposition. This has impacted at all three degrees i.e. strategic, operational and tactical. ( a ) Strategic Level. We need to reappraise the candidacy season. ( B ) Operational Level. Increased temperatures cause rapid meltdown of glaciers, addition in H2O demand both for work forces and machines and increased wear and tear of the equipment. ( degree Celsius ) Tactical Level. At the tactical degree jobs like mobility, survivability, wellness, fire safeguards and misrepresentation would happen due to climate alteration therefore asking more resources to prolong the forces either logistically or in combat. 12. We have seen in this chapter that how the depletion of natural resources are going a hinderance in the way of economic development and more earnestly are a national security concern. However the same has non been able to acquire similar sort of attending by the govt and therefore the stairss taken by the govt have been found to be unequal and there is an pressing demand to take some austere actions both by the govt and the people to decide this issue. At the same clip non giving equal importance to EE is seeable in the awareness degree of the people on the topic and therefore the limited sense of duty as citizens of the state. Chapter VII – Recommendation AND CONCLUSION 1. We have seen in old chapters that absence of EE substructure in the formal instruction substructure is doing manyfold amendss i.e. ( a ) Lack of consciousness of the topic amongst the people of the state. ( B ) Depletion of natural resources. ( degree Celsius ) Adversely impacting the rate of economic growing index of the state. ( vitamin E ) Affecting the dealingss with neighbouring states. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Becoming national security concern. 2. Many stairss have been taken taken by the govt over last one decennary but few are in the nascent phase, few have died their ain decease and few have non been able to take off from the beginning. There are really few steps like â€Å" GO GREEN † and â€Å" GREEN INDIA † but they are found to be unequal. The basic job lies amongst the people that there is no Sense Of Responsibility and the primary cause is that there is no importance being given to EE by the govt. There are few universities and schools which have started with the classs on this topic but still it is happening its topographic point in the formal instruction substructure. 3. Along with presenting EE there are a big figure of stairss which are required to be taken at the degree of govt. These stairss if non taken at the same time and instantly would do the growing index to come below 8 % as depletion of natural resources and clime alteration would do natural catastrophes more often. This indirectly would do a immense punishment on the govt. in footings of resources i.e. money and equipment which could otherwise hold been channelized towards the economic development of the state. 4. Stairss Required To Be Taken By The Govt. ( a ) Formal Education System. It is required to present the topic of EE as portion of school course of study and do it a compulsory topic. The inauspicious affects of clime alteration on the growing index and national security are required to be taught to the kids at the really get downing. There after there is a demand to guarantee that kids feel responsible and they take the needed steps for forestalling the clime alteration. This manner the whole coevals would hold responsible citizens and would be able to back up the stairss taken by the govt. ( B ) Move Towards Low Carbon Growth Path. Surveies indicate that climate sensitiveness of agribusiness is increasing over clip. There is a demand to switch or travel to a low C growing way as per the planetary economic order. The govt. should be able to measure the harm being caused to a sector like agribusiness due to climate alteration and therefore do policies to provide for this. ( degree Celsius ) Adaptation Strategies. Adaptation schemes which are relevant in this context include enlargement of insurance screen to include climate hazards such as implosion therapy, cropping alterations and substructure. The economic rating of amendss and costs of policies to turn to clime concerns is an of import input for planing schemes for readiness for catastrophes, insurance strategies, be aftering for wellness, H2O and other infrastructural installations. Siting of industries, planning of substructure and location of wellness installations should let for hazards emanating from future clime alteration impacts. This would help the govt. and people to be better prepared for natural catastrophes and therefore would alleviate govt. of the emphasis ( monetory ) to rehabilitate people in instance of a natural catastrophe. ( vitamin D ) Improving Energy Efficiency. In a globalizing universe, with sustainable development as a nucleus end for the Indian economic system, schemes for bettering energy efficiency are a must. Improvements in energy efficiency are dependent on the handiness of advanced engineerings that improve energy efficiency. The root causes for increasing emanations prevarication in fossil fuel burning. Agriculture contributes less to GHGs. In India the highest emanation of CO2 is from thermic electricity, chiefly because of its dependance on coal. The acceptance of clean coal engineering is the option that is required to be considered. International support is required in turn toing how best the developed universe ( G8 ) can assist in acceptance of such engineering. ( vitamin E ) Education As A Core. All the stairss mentioned supra are non possible with a sound backup of surveies and analysis carried out on the topic. These analysis can merely be carried out by the alumnuss of EE therefore once more we realize the importance of formal debut of the topic. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Misc Steps. There are a figure of stairss which can be taken to maintain a cheque on the inclination of over development by the people. ( I ) Additional Stamp Duty On Diesel Cars. Govt. should set extra cast responsibility on enrollment of Diesel autos and should advance sale of vehicles with eco friendly fuel i.e. CNG. ( two ) One Family One Car. Govt. should set a prohibition on purchase of more than one auto by one household to advance the usage of public conveyance which in most of the tube metropoliss is running on eco friendly fuel. Decision 5. No programme can be success without instruction as instruction is what makes people cognizant of the demand for any activity and can bring forth much needed support for that activity. EE has been in trend since homo being holding been interacting with the universe around them and learning their kids to make the same. There are historical grounds for EE. People get basic environmental maps in order to turn nutrient, find H2O and protect themselves from the clime. We still need the cognition of environment to determine our scientific discipline and engineering and to perpetuate the modern universe. Almost all major natural resources of the universe in sedate danger of irreparable harm the lone hope of salving this sedate state of affairs is by doing the immature aware that they need to proactively get down to protect the environment they will inherit which can merely be done by EE. 6. Environmental instruction develops a basic cognition and apprehension of environmental procedures and the cause consequence of environmental jobs. Therefore environmental instruction is the key to sustainable development. Sustainable development is the development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands. Sustainable development is a form of resource usage that aims to run into human demands while continuing the environment so that these demands can be met non merely in the present, but in the indefinite hereafter. Sustainability is a procedure which tells of a development of all facets of human life impacting nutriment. Sustainable development ties together concern for the transporting capacity of natural systems with the societal challenges confronting humanity Sustainable development focuses on improvizing the quality of life for the Earth ‘s full citizen without increasing the usage of natural resources beyond the capacity of the environment to provide them indefinitely. 7. It requires an understanding and awareness among people for environmental jobs and preservation techniques. It has by and large been accepted that accomplishing sustainable development will necessitate reconciliation environmental, social, and economic considerations in the chase of development and an improved quality of life. Therefore the research is concluded in the favor of the hypothesis i.e. non giving equal importance to EE a phase has reached that it has started impacting the growing index adversely and as a state we are non prepared to confront the harm which may be caused due to climate alteration. Further deficiency of EE is ensuing in deficiency of consciousness on portion of the govt. every bit good as people of the state..

Battle of Cambrai - World War I - Western Front - Tanks

The Battle of Cambrai was fought November 20 to December 6, 1917, during World War I (1914 to 1918). British General Julian Byng2 corps324 tanks Germans General Georg von der Marwitz1 corps Background In mid-1917, Colonel John F.C. Fuller, the Chief of Staff of the Tank Corps, devised a plan for using armor to raid the German lines. Since the terrain near Ypres-Passchendaele was too soft for tanks, he proposed a strike against St. Quentin, where the ground was hard and dry. As operations near St. Quentin would have required cooperation with French troops, the target was shifted to Cambrai to ensure secrecy. Presenting this plan to British Commander-in-Chief Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, Fuller was unable to obtain approval as the focus of British operations was on the ​offensive against Passchendaele. While the Tank Corps was developing its plan, Brigadier General H.H. Tudor of the 9th Scottish Division had created a method for supporting a tank attack with a surprise bombardment. This utilized a new method for targeting artillery without registering the guns by observing the fall of shot. This older method frequently alerted the enemy to impending attacks and gave them time to move reserves to the threatened area. Though Fuller and his superior, Brigadier-General Sir Hugh Elles, had failed to gain Haigs support, their plan interested the commander of the Third Army, General Sir Julian Byng. In August 1917, Byng accepted both Elles attack plan and along with Tudors artillery scheme to support it. Through Elles and Fuller had originally intended for the attack to be an eight- to twelve-hour raid, Byng altered the plan and intended to hold any ground that was taken. With fighting bogging down around Passchendaele, Haig relented in his opposition and approved an attack at Cambrai on November 10. Assembling over 300 tanks along a front of 10,000 yards, Byng intended for them to advance with close infantry support to capture enemy artillery and consolidate any gains. A Swift Advance Advancing behind a surprise bombardment, Elles tanks were to crush lanes through the German barbed wire and bridge the German trenches by filling them with bundles of brushwood known as fascines. Opposing the British was the German Hindenburg Line which consisted of three successive lines approximately 7,000 yards deep. These were manned by the 20th Landwehr and 54th Reserve Division. While the 20th was rated as fourth-rate by the Allies, the commander of the 54th had prepared his men in anti-tank tactics utilizing artillery against moving targets. At 6:20 AM on November 20, 1,003, British guns opened fire on the German position. Advancing behind a creeping barrage, the British had immediate success. On the right, troops from Lieutenant General William Pulteneys III Corps advanced four miles with troops reaching Lateau Wood and capturing a bridge over the St. Quentin Canal at Masnià ¨res. This bridge soon collapsed under the weight of the tanks halting the advance. On the British left, elements of the IV Corps had similar success with troops reaching the woods of Bourlon Ridge and the Bapaume-Cambrai road. Only in the center did the British advance stall. This was largely due to Major General G.M. Harper, commander of the 51st Highland Division, who ordered his infantry to follow 150-200 yards behind his tanks, as he thought the armor would draw artillery fire on his men. Encountering elements of the 54th Reserve Division near Flesquià ¨res, his unsupported tanks took heavy losses from the German gunners, including five destroyed by Sergeant Kurt Kruger. Though the situation was saved by the infantry, eleven tanks were lost. Under pressure, the Germans abandoned the village that night. Reversal of Fortune That night, Byng sent his cavalry divisions forward to exploit the breach, but they were forced to turn back due to unbroken barbed wire. In Britain, for the first time since the start of the war, church bells rang in victory. Over the next ten days, the British advance slowed greatly, with III Corps halting to consolidate and the main effort taking place in the north where troops attempted to capture Bourlon Ridge and the nearby village. As German reserves reached the area, the fighting took on the attritional characteristics of many battles on the Western Front. After several days of brutal fighting, the crest of Bourlon Ridge was taken by the 40th Division, while attempts to press east were halted near Fontaine. On November 28, the offensive was halted and British troops began to dig in. While the British had been spending their strength to capture Bourlon Ridge, the Germans had shifted twenty divisions to the front for a massive counterattack. Beginning at 7:00 AM on November 30, German forces employed stormtrooper infiltration tactics which had been devised by General Oskar von Hutier. Moving in small groups, German soldiers bypassed British strong points and made great gains. Quickly engaged all along the line, the British concentrated on holding Bourlon Ridge which allowed the Germans to drive back III Corps to the south. Though fighting quieted on December 2, it resumed the next day with the British being forced to abandon the east bank of the St. Quentin Canal. On December 3, Haig ordered a retreat from the salient, surrendering British gains except for the area around Havrincourt, Ribà ©court, and Flesquià ¨res. Aftermath The first major battle to feature a significant armored attack, British losses at Cambrai numbered 44,207 killed, wounded, and missing while German casualties were estimated at around 45,000. In addition, 179 tanks had been put out of action due to enemy action, mechanical issues, or ditching. While the British gained some territory around Flesquià ¨res, they lost approximately the same amount to the south making the battle a draw. The final major push of 1917, the Battle of Cambrai saw both sides utilize equipment and tactics that would be refined for the following years campaigns. While the Allies continued to develop their armored force, the Germans would employ stormtrooper tactics to great effect during their Spring Offensives.